Non, l'Austrofascisme n'a pas stérilisé des gens de force

Pour des Austrofascistes, en des coins reculés, je ne suis pas sûr, des crimes sont des crimes. Mais pour le régime austrofasciste, la réponse est non :

Legalised non-consensual sterilisation - Eugenics put into practice before 1945, and the aftermath. Part 2: Europe.
Jean-Jacques Amy and Sam Rowlands
https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/30595/3/Forced%20sterilisation-EJCRHC-MS-Part%202%20SR%20comments%20addressed%20JJA.pdf

3. Switzerland 1928
4. Denmark 1929
5. Germany 1933
6. Norway 1934
7. Sweden 1934 and 1941
8. Finland 1935
9. Estonia 1937
10. Iceland 1938
11. Austria 1940

The Nazi ‘Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring’ was enforced in Austria in 1940, two years after the country’s annexation (‘Anschluss’) by Germany. The first coerced sterilisations were done in the spring of 1940. ... After annexation by Germany, deaf people in Austria faced forced sterilisation, internment, deportation and euthanasia; pregnant deaf women were coerced to obtain an abortion.

En d'autres mots, le régime Austrofasciste a respecté les droits humains (sur ce compte au moins) et respecté Casti Connubii.

En Suisse, le canton historiquement francophone protestant Vaud franche le premier pas.

Depuis la Guerre du Sonderbund, les cantons catholiques sont plutôt dominés par les cantons protestants.

Danemark, Norvège, Suède, Finlande, Estonie, Islande, tous des pays luthériens. Protestants. Aujourd'hui, d'ailleurs, tous assez sécularistes.

L'Allemagne, un pays à l'époque majoritairement protestant (environ 1/3 étaient Catholiques).

Autriche, le seul pays à majorité catholique de faire ceci, et il ne l'a pas fait qu'après l'occupation par un pays ... protestant. Notons, l'Italie, l'Espagne et le Portugal absentent.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
IIIe dim. après l'Épiphanie
25.I.2026

What Words did Job Repent Of?

And the Lord answering Job out of the whirlwind, said Gird up thy loins like a man: I will ask thee, and do thou tell me Wilt thou make void my judgment: and condemn me, that thou mayst be justified
[Job 40:1-3]

Then Job answered the Lord, and said I know that thou canst do all things, and no thought is hid from thee Who is this that hideth counsel without knowledge? Therefore I have spoken unwisely, and things that above measure exceeded my knowledge Hear, and I will speak: I will ask thee, and do thou tell me With the hearing of the ear, I have heard thee, but now my eye seeth thee Therefore I reprehend myself, and do penance in dust and ashes
[Job 42:1-6]

I find only two possibilities.

a) The words Job regrets are things he said that aren't in the book of Job even if he said them. Because, as writer, he censored out his bad words. However, if so, this must be after this exchange:

And he said to her: Thou hast spoken like one of the foolish women: if we have received good things at the hand of God, why should we not receive evil? In all these things Job did not sin with his lips.
[Job 2:10]

or b) The words Job regrets were indeed spoken, but only in his heart, not across his lips. He said "no thought is hid from thee" and Job 2 kind of underlines he did not sin "with his lips".

Also, he calls his words basically foolish. However, Psalm 13 doesn't say the fool is an outspoken atheist, it says he has said in his heart "there is no God." God saw something in Job's heart that did not match his words. If God hadn't showed up in a whirlwind, Eliphaz and the rest would have never known that. Even if they may have guessed right, they had no right to guess.

I am the Lord who search the heart and prove the reins: who give to every one according to his way, and according to the fruit of his devices
[Jeremias (Jeremiah) 17:10]

Sounds like an echo of sth in Deuteronomy 32 which St. Paul cites:

Revenge not yourselves, my dearly beloved; but give place unto wrath, for it is written: Revenge is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord
[Romans 12:19]

It would seem, then, the same applies to analysis. But how do we know that Job didn't mean any of the actual words said to those around him?

Take unto you therefore seven oxen, and seven rams, and go to my servant Job, and offer for yourselves a holocaust: and my servant Job shall pray for you: his face I will accept, that folly be not imputed to you: for you have not spoken right things before me, as my servant Job hath
[Job 42:8]

Dear St. Job, pray for us!

Can One be Austro-Fascist and Bona Fide Catholic?

New blog on the kid: Can One Be a National Socialist and a Bona Fide Catholic? · Φιλολoγικά/Philologica: Can One be Austro-Fascist and Bona Fide Catholic?

Some things are to modern sympathisers off the table, simply because the situation was different. In both cases.

Like, liking Austro-Fascism now doesn't imply shooting on Social Democrats, because Social Democrats aren't trying to make an insurrection and succeeding in killing innocent bystanders, as the case was in February 1934.

Or, given that Czechs residing in Austria aren't uniformy factory workers (celibate men or men away from wives) taking Austrian jobs and promoting Communism, or that both Czechia and Austria are EU members, one need not support the idea of arresting Czechs, let them wait till a busload is full and then get them to the frontier, for instance to Gmünd (one of the border crossings).

I think most Neo-Nazis with German sympathies (overlapping but not identic categories) would not like to open hostilities with Poland, either.

But let's take what's applicable and see if it's acceptable.

In the NSDAP governed German Reich, you had forced sterilisations, and you had people being shut into disciplinary facilities (not so facile or easy-going on them, but on their captors) for being beggars. In Austria, prior to 1938 and Anschluss, you did not have forced sterilisations, and you did not shut up people in most of Austria (only in Upper Austria) for begging, and when you did, the facility was not meant to force them to change their lifestyle, but to give them an opportunity to work themselves up from the situation. Wages were lower than normal, but that has been the case with some Swedish social measures as well, that I've tasted. Those refusing to work were not punished.

I think a very major difference is the attitude to Jews.

Magnus Hirschfeld was, for the nature of his research, much safer in the Weimar Republic than in Austria under Dollfuss or Schuschnigg. When von Papen made a coup, within Prussia, Berlin became less safe for Hirschfeld. He ended up in Paris and in Nice.

However, 1933, another Jew from Germany (Hamburg this time) who didn't feel safe in Germany, had no problem when moving to Austria, except in 1938, when Austro-Fascism fell, Henry Winterfeld had to move again.

Austro-Fascism didn't make Jews pay for the Magnus Hirschfelds.

Again, Austro-Fascism didn't ban Jews from exercising intellectual work (provided it wasn't of the Hirschfeld school). Heinrich Schenker was piano teacher, possibly composer, certainly music theorician, and died in 1935 under Schuschnigg. He had no legal problems teaching music theory to for instance Felix Salzer (a nephew of the Wittgenstein). His widow was less lucky, she died in Theresienstadt. Since Felix Salzer (through the grandfather Karl Wittgenstein, at least) had Jewish ancestry, he is listed among "Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss to the United States" on wikipedia.

Again, Jewish capitalism. National Socialism deprived William Meinhardt (deutscher Artikel) of his ownership in OSRAM because Meinhardt was Jewish. But the National Socialists did not reverse the policy of the Phoebus cartell, the real moral trouble with OSRAM, whether Meinhardt was or wasn't involved in that deal. NS also deprived Julius Fromm of his ownership, but allowed the immoral production to continue (desiring to keep this blog child friendly, I'm not entering into the details, it's possible to look up wiki). Julius Fromm's house, after his exile, became a Judenhaus, meaning a kind of ghetto, to which Jews were forced to move. This, I think, resumes the NSDAP attitude pretty well.

Austria had a different take. The fear was Jewish monopolies or oligopolies, the solution was a) to treat Jews as an ethnic minority (like Slovenes and Croatians) and b) to make a numerus clausus or percentage number on how much of a sector could be owned by an ethnic minority. If a Jew (or Croatian or Slovene) wanted to start a business in Vienna, in a sector which already had more than proportionally Jewish (or Croatian or Slovene) owners, he was not allowed to open it. That's the extent of laws targetting Jews. Ghettos (so to speak) existed, from old habit. Not from state force. Leopoldsstadt, II city district of Vienna, is known for the Prater and for having the top percentage of Jewish inhabitants of any city district (there were 21 such before the Anschluss).

In Leopoldsstadt, you had Israelitische Kulturgemeinde Wien. In 1933, the president of that association was one (quoting their list) not unknown:

Dr. DESIDER FRIEDMANN (in Auschwitz ermordet) 1933 –

On the day of the Anschluss, he was in London as a Minister in Austria and an emissary to British wealth (which had backed Nazi Germany more than Austria). On his return, he was arrested, because his gesture was disloyal to the German Reich.

But the most striking difference may be the mutual relations with the Catholic Church.

In NS ruled Germany, a Catholic bishop of Dresden Meissen lost his driving licence over speeding when trying to bring the sacraments to a dying man. Der Stürmer was, famously, toxic against Jews, but not much less against Catholics. The German bishops had excommunicated any person joining the NSDAP, at the Konkordat, this was limited to high ranking members (so, one reason Pius XII didn't excommunicate Hitler was, he was already excommunicated). In Vienna, a nun made a lampoon in verse against Hitler ... she was offered to be released if she renounced her religious vocation, as she refused, Sister Maria Restituta Kafka was executed (all the career of the White Rose existance from start to execution of the Scholl siblings was while she waited for her own death).

In Austria, the régime supported Catholicism (sometimes over the top, like an interview with a psychiatrist if you wanted to leave the Catholic Church, which was however not totally illegal either). And the régime based their actions, notably about workers' unions, employer's unions and independents' unions or farmers' unions, on the Church Domcument QUADRAGESIMO ANNO and on the writings of the Reverend Ignaz Seipel whose (in the taste of some) probably woke and social justice warrior like work Ethical Teachings on Economics of the Church Fathers (Wirtschaftsethische Lehre der Kirchenväter) from 1907 remains on my list of to-read books. Dito for his obviously Christian Nationalist work Nation und Staat from 1916.

A certain Jew feared Ignaz Seipel and warned for his antisemitism in "Die Stadt ohne Juden" (the city without Jews). But Bettauer (Protestant, formerly Jew) didn't die by an Austrofascist. His killer Otto Rothstock was a National Socialist. Just like Dollfuss' killer Otto Planetta.

Both the NS régime and the Austro-Fascist régime prosecuted abortion. Neither of them allowed the girl of 14 to be in the kind of pickle she would be now. But the NS solution was Lebensborn. In Austria, 14 remained a legal age for a girl to marry, if her parents agreed (and if she was pregnant, why wouldn't they, usually?). When I was a teen, of 13 / 14, I admired the idea of Lebensborn. Today I understand the Catholic critique, it promoted immorality, and promote the Catholic alternative: allowing teens to actually get married. Unlike Lebensborn, Austrian legislation was neither racist nor eugenicist, so Austro-Fascism didn't commit the same crimes, while also keeping abortion illegal (it was illegal in Germany too, but NS strengthened the prosecution and prevention efforts, one bonus point for them, but that it was needed is a minus point for the Weimar Republic).

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
II L.D. after Epiphany
18.I.2026

Est-ce que Gaudium et Spes 22, 2, enseigne que la grâce n'ait pas été perdue ?

Voici Maître Adrien Abauzit* :

Gaudium et Spes(22, al.2) enseigne que le péché originel n’a pas fait perdre la grâce sanctifiante à l’homme, mais qu’il l’a simplement « altérée » (ou « déformée » selon d’autres traductions), étant rappelé que la notion de « ressemblance divine » est un signifiant de l’état de grâce :

« “ Image du Dieu invisible ” (Col 1, 15), il est l’Homme parfait qui a restauré dans la descendance d’Adam la ressemblance divine, altérée dès le premier péché. »

Si la grâce sanctifiante est simplement « altérée » ou « déformée », alors, elle est toujours possédée par l’homme.

L'idée clef est que la phrase biblique « ressemblance divine » est automatiquement à prendre comme l'état de grâce.

Voici St. Thomas (ou "Auteur inconnu" mais je compte Postilla in Libros Geneseos comme un ouvrage de jeunesse du Docteur angélique).

Dicit igitur, faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram.		Il dit donc, faison l'homme en notre image et ressemblance.
Habent ista duo distinctionem: nam imago attenditur secundum potentiam cognoscendi, similitudo quantum ad potentiam diligendi, secundum auctorem libri de spiritu et anima.		Ces deux ont une distinction : car l'image on fait attention selon la puissance de connaître, ressemblance quant au pouvoir d'aimer, selon l'auteur du livre De Spiritu et Anima.
Vel imago dicitur, quantum ad naturalia, et dispositionem partium naturalium; sicut videmus, quod imago habet consimilem dispositionem in partibus quantitatis cum re imaginata.		Ou image est dite quant aux choses naturelles, et la disposition des parties naturelles; comme nous voyons que l'image a une disposition ressemblante dans les parties de sa quantité avec la chose imagée.
Similitudo autem attenditur quantum ad gratuita, sicut dicit Magister in historia.		Mais ressemblance on fait attention quant aux choses gratuites, comme dit la Maître dans l'histoire.**
Et subdit postea dispositionem suae praelationis vel sublimationis, cum dicitur, et praesit piscibus maris: ubi tangitur ejus presidentia respectu aquatilium et volatilium, et respectu terrestris duplicis, scilicet gressibilis et reptilis, quae omnia patent in litera: et respectu creaturae omnis corporalis universaeque terrae.		Et il ajoute après la disposition de sa préférence ou sublimité, quand il dit et qu'il ait préséance sur les poissons de la mer : où est touchée sa préséance vis-à-vis les choses aquatiques et capables à voler, et vis-à-vis le deux types de chose terrestres, c'est à dire qui marche ou qui rampe, ce qui tout se comprend dans le texte : et vis-à-vis toute créature corporelle et l'universalité de la terre.
Quod alicui videbitur contrarium esse veritati et sensui. Nam videmus multa sibi resistere et contrariari etiam pro illo statu innocentiae; nam tunc corpora caelestia non fuissent illi subjecta, nec sol, nec stellae, neque etiam hic mineralia.		Ce qui à quelqu'un va sembler contraire à la vérité et à l'expérience sensorielle. Car nous voyons que beaucoup lui résistent et lui font contrariété même pour cet état d'innocence ; car alors les corps célestes ne lui furent pas soumis, ni soleil, ni étoiles, ni les minéraux même ici.
Ad hoc dicitur, quod pro illo statu habuit duplicem praesidentiam super omnem creaturam irrationalem: primo scilicet praesidentiam naturalis dignitatis; secundo praesidentiam finis bonitatis; quia sicut omnibus fuit natura superior, sic ad ejus servitium et utilitatem omnia sunt producta, et propter ipsum. Respectu autem naturalium, vel rerum, quae possunt nutus humanos aliqualiter recipere, habuit tertiam praesidentiam imperii: quandiu enim expediret, ejus nutibus obtemperassent.		À ceci est dit, que pour cet état l'homme avait une préséance double sur toute créature irrationnelle : à savoir d'abord la préséance de dignité naturelle ; ensuite la préséance de la bonté de la fin ; car comme il devint supérieur à tous par nature, ainsi tout est produit à son service et à son utilité, et pour lui. Mais vis-à-vis les choses naturelles, ou chose qui peuvent quelque part recevoir des commandes humaines, il eut une troisième préséance de l'empire : pour autant que c'était utile, elles auraient obéi à ses commandes.
Si autem quaeritur, an tunc esset aliqua impressio in animalibus, quae non modo non, propter quam nutui hominis paruissent, an forte sic se habent modo, etiam quod si homo non esset infectus, adhuc sibi obtemperassent?		Mais si on demande, si alors il y avait quelque impression sur les animaux, qui pas seulement pas, à raison d'obéir à la commande de l'homme, ou peut-être sont ainsi que même si l'homme n'était pas infecte, ils lui obéiraient encore ?***
Incertum est, quid horum duorum sit verius: verisimile est tamen, quod ex utraque parte modo sit defectus.		C'est incertain lequel des deux soit plus vrai : mais le vraisemblable est, que depuis le dédecte soit des deux parties.
Et quod tunc ex parte virtutis hominis, scilicet justitiae originalis, et ex parte dispositionis animalium obedientia illa caussaretur, quorum utrumque nunc deest.		Et qu'alors de la part de la vertu de l'homme, c'est à dire de la justice originelle, et de la part de la disposition des animaux cette obéissance était causée, desquelles les deux font désormais défaut.
In quibusdam tamen, Deo sic ordinante, dispositio ista remansit propter hominum maximam necessitatem, sicut in pecoribus et jumentis.		Mais en vertains, Dieu l'a disposé ainsi, cette disposition est resté pour la plus grande nécessité des hommes, comme dans le bétail et les animaux de trait.
Pisces dicuntur a pascendo, quia ex illis pascimur, vel quia unus alterius est cibus.		Les poissons sont dit de "paître" parce que nous nous paissons d'eux, ou pare que l'un est le repas de l'autre.°
Dicit autem Papias, quod piscibus nomina sunt instituta post animalia; unde vocantur aut ex similitudine animalium terrestrium, ut vituli, aut ex colore, aut ex moribus ut canes, quia mordent.		Mais Papias dit, que les noms des poissons sont fait à partir des animaux; donc ils sont appelés pour ressemblances d'animaux de la terre, comme les phoques veaux-marins, soit de la couleur, soit des mœurs, comme les "chiens"°° parce qu'ils mordent.
Alia vero nomina sunt prius exposita, ut volatile, etc. sequitur.		Mais les autres noms sont déjà exposés, comme volaille, etc.
Et creavit Deus et cetera. Ubi post dispositionem factionis tangit ipsam factionem hominis, et tangit ipsius esse, secundum quod fuit in fieri, et secundum factum esse, et secundum sexuum distinctionem: unde dicit per ordinem, creavit, id est, de materia produxit.		Et Dieu créa etc. Où après la disposition du façonnage il touche aussi au façonnage même de l'homme et touche son être, selon ce qu'il fut dans le devenir et dans le être fait et selon la distinction des sexes : d'où il dit dans l'ordre, "il créa" c'est à dire fait d'une matière.
Accipitur enim hic creatio pro factione, et non pro productione ex nihilo.		Car ici création est pris pour façonnage, et non pour production ex nihilo.
Quamvis autem productio hominis fuerit de materia, dicitur creatio, quia fuit factus subito homo: unde et si fuerit factus propter subjectum, quod ibi fuit materia: tamen dicitur creatus propter istam causam.		Mais malgré que la production fût d'une matière préexistante, elle est dit création, parce que l'homme est fait soudainement : d'où, même s'il fût "fait" parce qu'il y avait un sujet, parce que là il y avait matière, néanmoins il est dit "créé" pour cette cause.
Sicut etiam Scriptura vocat eum hominem ab humo vel limo, de quo fuit factus cum aliis animalibus communiter: et denominatur sic a viliori ut ex suo nomine discat homo subjici et humiliari Deo, quando cognoverit se esse de materia ista vili, et non possit eum latere, quando nomen ejus ad materiam tam vilem tantam habet vicinitatem.		Comme aussi l'Écriture le nomme "homme" à partir de terre ("humus")°°° ou limon ("limus")~, de laquelle il fut fait de même que les autres animaux : et il est ainsi nommé à partir du moins noble pour que l'homme sache de son nom se soumettre et s'humilier devant Dieu, quand il apprend qu'il est de cette matière vile, et il ne peut pas lui être caché quand son nom a une tellement grande vicinité à cette matière tellement vile.
Et ne forte aestimari posset, quod ipsum fecisset quantum ad corpus solum, et quod non esset in eo aliquid nisi corporale et eductum de materia corporali, addit, ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram.		Et pour qu'il ne soit pas possible d'estimer qu'il le fît seulement quant au corps, et qu'en lui il ne serait rien sauf du corporel et tiré de matière corporelle, Il ajoute en notre image et ressemblance.
Quia secundum quod dictum est, imago attenditur in homine secundum animam.		Car selon le déjà dit, l'image on fait attention dans l'homme selon l'âme.
At vero ne etiam ab aliquibus putaretur, quod Deus solum produxit hominem secundum animam, eo quod toties ponitur imago et similitudo, quae sequitur animam, sicut etiam dixerunt Manichaei, quod corporalia essent a Deo malo; subdit, masculum et feminam creavit eos.		Mais encore pour ne soit pas supposé par certains que Dieu produisit l'homme selon l'âme seulement, aussitôt qu'est posé image et ressemblance, ce qui fait suite à l'âme, comme dirent aussi les Manichéens, que les choses corporelles seraient d'un mauvais Dieu, il ajoute "il les fit homme et femme".
Distinctio enim sexuum ad corpus pertinet, et ex illo pendet.		Car la distinction des sexes appartient au corps et dépend de lui.
Provide Manichaeorum error ex hoc manifeste eliditur.		Avec prévoyance, l'erreur des Manichéens est par ceci manifestement brisée.

Bon, il y a des opinions diverses, une notée est que l'image est la faculté intellective, la ressemblance la faculté affective, encore que la ressemblance est la prédominance sur les animaux, pas totalement perdue dans la chute, mais il y a encore de diversité, car Historia scholastica se range peut-être avec Maître Adrien Abauzit :

Sed imago Dei est anima in essentia, et ratione ejus, quia spiritus factus est et rationalis ut Deus. Similitudo in virtutibus, quia bona, justa, sapiens. Cum imagine pertransit homo (Psal. XXXVIII), quia illam habet etiam homo peccans, similitudine vero saepe privatur.

Mais l'image de Dieu est l'âme en son essence et sa raison, parce qu'il est fait un esprit, et rationnelle comme Dieu. Ressemblance dans les vertus, car bonne, juste, sage. L'homme s'évanouit comme une image (Psaume 38), parce que celle aussi l'homme qui pêche possède, mais de la ressemblance il est souvent privé.

Notons le "saepe" = "souvent" ... Pierre le Mangeur dit donc que l'homme dans l'état de péché manque souvent la ressemblance de Dieu. Donc, pas tout le temps qu'il est en péché, donc pas par le péché lui-même.

Le Catéchisme de St. Pie X prend "image et ressemblance" comme un hendiadys.

Pourquoi dit-on que l’homme a été créé à l’image et à la ressemblance de Dieu ?

On dit que l’homme a été créé à l’image et à la ressemblance de Dieu, parce que l’âme humaine est spirituelle et raisonnable, libre dans ses actes, capable de connaître et d’aimer Dieu et de jouir de lui éternellement ; et ces perfections sont en nous un reflet de l’infinie grandeur du Seigneur.

Voici le Catéchisme du Concile de Trente :

Enfin Il forma le corps de l’homme du limon de la terre et, par un pur effet de sa bonté, Il lui accorda le don de l’immortalité et de l’impassibilité, qui n’était pas essentiellement attaché à sa nature. Quant à l’âme, Il la fit à son image et à sa ressemblance, la doua du libre arbitre, et régla si bien tous les mouvements et tous les désirs du cœur, qu’ils devaient toujours être soumis à l’autorité de la raison. A cela i voulut joindre le don admirable de la justice originelle, et enfin Il lui soumit tous les animaux.

Est-ce que les deux, image et ressemblance, se réfèrent aux deux, nature et sainteté ? Ou image à nature et ressemblance à sainteté ? Quand il parle du péché original, il ne tranche pas :

aussitôt il tomba dans cet affreux malheur qui lui fit perdre la sainteté et la justice dans lesquelles il avait été créé, et lui-même devint sujet à une foule d’autres maux que le Saint Concile de Trente a énumérés tout au long.

Je pense qu'il soit possible de prendre les mots cités de Gaudium et Spes comme voulant dire que la nature fut offusqué mais pas perdue. Et surtout par rapport au libre arbitre, parce que des Calvinistes ont prétendu que la liberté fut simplement perdue. L'Église catholique répond ici "offusquée, oui, perdue, non" et ceci bien avant Gaudium et Spes.

Est-ce que St. Irénée a pris "image" comme nature et "ressemblance" comme justice ? Les Orthodoxes le font. Mais le Concile du Trente en Session V ne précise pas le sens des termes bibliques "image" et "ressemblance" de la manière que le fit Johannes Dörmann, que Maître Abauzit cite.

Par contre, c'est possible que cette précision ait été opérative dans la lecture que fit "Jean-Paul II" de ce Document. Et des paroles en de cette homme qui semblent indiquer le salut universel font écho à une phrase un peu plus banal de Gaudium et Spes, aussi en 22, 2.

Car, par son incarnation, le Fils de Dieu s’est en quelque sorte uni lui-même à tout homme.

En quelque sorte ? Par union hypostatique ? Par grâce ? Par sanctification ? Plus banal que ça, dans le contexte qui suit immédiatement :

Il a travaillé avec des mains d’homme, il a pensé avec une intelligence d’homme, il a agi avec une volonté d’homme [30], il a aimé avec un cœur d’homme. Né de la Vierge Marie, il est vraiment devenu l’un de nous, en tout semblable à nous, hormis le péché [31].

C'est Wojtyla, pas le concile, qui précise :

Jésus-Christ s’est uni à chacun, pour toujours

Or, "à chacun" ne devrait s'appliquer qu'en mesure qu'il exemplifie la situation humaine (qui cesse dans une âme damnée~~) et "pour toujour" au fait que l'Incarnation ne cesse pas, ainsi lu, même Redemptor Hominis 13, 2 ne serait pas blasphème. Malheureusement, Assise 1986 semble indiquer qu'il a compris ses mots d'une manière plus stricte, qui va dans le sens de rédemption universelle.

Je ne dis pas ceci pour exonérer le document Gaudium et Spes ou Wojtyla, mais pour demander un peu plus de rigueur dans l'accusation.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
l'Octave de l'Épiphanie
12—13.I.2026

PS, une indication que Wojtyla n'ait pas voulu dire que chacun est sauvé est le début de Redemptor Hominis 14 :

L'Eglise ne peut abandonner l'homme, dont le «destin», c'est-à-dire le choix, l'appel, la naissance et la mort, le salut ou la perdition, sont liés d'une manière si étroite et indissoluble au Christ.

"Ou la perdition" qui, donc, existe, comme possibilité réelle./HGL

* Voir Réfutation des hérésies et du sophisme du père Horovitz | Adrien Abauzit ** Je pense que l'histoire est Historia scholastica, et le Maître donc Pierre le Mangeur. *** J'avoue que la traduction de cette phrase m'était difficile. La suite montre que la question est si le loup obéirait à un homme non déchu (même sans miracle). ° Fausse étymologie, probablement. Nos propres grammariens ne disent pas que "piscis" vienne de "pascere". Mais ceux du Moyen âge, oui. °° Canis marinus = Seehund ? Aussi phoque, alors. J'ai une demi-mémoire sur morue, mais je n'arrive pas à la confirmer en glossaires ou Gaffiot. °°° Ici notre linguistique confirme l'étymologie ! ~Je ne suis pas sûr, mais c'est possible que "limon" marcherait mieux en hébreu. Le lexique hébreu donne une étymologie avec 'adom, rougeâtre ou encore le texte en Genèse 2 et 3 donne 'adamah, sol, parce que le sol est rougeâtre. ~~ C. S. Lewis considère les damnés comme des ex-hommes, pas comme des hommes à proprement parler. Il est certes pas une autorité catholique, mais ce que St. Thomas décrit en Supplem. Q. 98, la volonté et l'intellect des damnés, peut être considéré comme ayant perdu même l'image de Dieu, donc d'avoir cessé d'être humain.

Bible in a Year Plan (73 Books)

1 Genesis 4 2 Genesis 7 3 Genesis 11 4 Genesis 15 5 Genesis 18		6 Genesis 22 7 Genesis 26 8 Genesis 29 9 Genesis 33 10 Genesis 37		11 Genesis 40 12 Genesis 44 13 Genesis 48 14 Genesis 50 14 Exodus 1 15 Exodus 5
16 Exodus 8 17 Exodus 12 18 Exodus 16 19 Exodus 19 20 Exodus 23		21 Exodus 27 22 Exodus 30 23 Exodus 34 24 Exodus 38 25 Exodus 40 25 Leviticus 1		26 Leviticus 5 27 Leviticus 9 28 Leviticus 12 29 Leviticus 16 30 Leviticus 20
31 Leviticus 23 32 Leviticus 27 33 Numbers 4 34 Numbers 7 35 Numbers 11		36 Numbers 15 37 Numbers 18 38 Numbers 22 39 Numbers 26 40 Numbers 29		41 Numbers 33 42 Numbers 36 43 Deut 4 44 Deut 8 45 Deut 11
46 Deut 15 47 Deut 19 48 Deut 22 49 Deut 26 50 Deut 30		51 Deut 33 52 Deut 34 52 Joshua 3 53 Joshua 7 54 Joshua 10 55 Joshua 14		56 Joshua 18 57 Joshua 21 58 Joshua 24 58 Judges 1 59 Judges 5 60 Judges 8
61 Judges 12 62 Judges 16 63 Judges 19 64 Judges 22 64 Ruth 1 65 Ruth 4 65 I Kings 1		66 I Kings 4 67 I Kings 8 68 I Kings 12 69 I Kings 15 70 I Kings 19		71 I Kings 22 72 I Kings 26 73 I Kings 30 74 I Kings 31 74 II Kings 3 75 II Kings 7
76 II Kings 11 77 II Kings 14 78 II Kings 18 79 II Kings 22 80 II Kings 24 80 III Kings 1		81 III Kings 5 82 III Kings 9 83 III Kings 12 84 III Kings 16 85 III Kings 20		86 III Kings 22 86 IV Kings 1 87 IV Kings 5 88 IV Kings 9 89 IV Kings 12 90 IV Kings 16
91 IV Kings 20 92 IV Kings 23 93 IV Kings 25 93 I Paralip. 2 94 I Paralip. 6 95 I Paralip. 9		96 I Paralip. 13 97 I Paralip. 17 98 I Paralip. 20 99 I Paralip. 24 100 I Paralip. 27		101 I Paralip. 29 101 II Paralip. 2 102 II Paralip. 6 103 II Paralip. 9 104 II Paralip. 13 105 II Paralip. 17
106 II Paralip. 20 107 II Paralip. 24 108 II Paralip. 28 109 II Paralip. 31 110 II Paralip. 35		111 II Paralip. 36 111 I Esdras 3 112 I Esdras 6 113 I Esdras 10 114 II Esdras 4 115 II Esdras 7		116 II Esdras 11 117 II Esdras 13 117 Tobit 2 118 Tobit 5 119 Tobit 9 120 Tobit 13
121 Tobit 14 121 Judith 2 122 Judith 6 123 Judith 10 124 Judith 13 125 Judith 16 125 Esther 1		126 Esther 4 127 Esther 8 128 Esther 12 129 Esther 15 130 Esther 16 130 Job 3		131 Job 7 132 Job 10 133 Job 14 134 Job 18 135 Job 21
136 Job 25 137 Job 29 138 Job 32 139 Job 36 140 Job 40		141 Job 42 141 Ps 1 142 Ps 5 143 Ps 9 144 Ps 12 145 Ps 16		146 Ps 20 147 Ps 23 148 Ps 27 149 Ps 31 150 Ps 34
151 Ps 38 152 Ps 42 153 Ps 45 154 Ps 49 155 Ps 52		156 Ps 56 157 Ps 60 158 Ps 63 159 Ps 67 160 Ps 71		161 Ps 74 162 Ps 78 163 Ps 82 164 Ps 85 165 Ps 89
166 Ps 93 167 Ps 96 168 Ps 100 169 Ps 104 170 Ps 107		171 Ps 111 172 Ps 115 173 Ps 118 174 Ps 122 175 Ps 126		176 Ps 129 177 Ps 133 178 Ps 137 179 Ps 140 180 Ps 144
181 Ps 148 182 Ps 150 182 Proverbs 1 183 Proverbs 5 184 Proverbs 8 185 Proverbs 12		186 Proverbs 16 187 Proverbs 19 188 Proverbs 23 189 Proverbs 27 190 Proverbs 30		191 Proverbs 31 191 Ecclesiastes 3 192 Ecclesiastes 7 193 Ecclesiastes 10 194 Ecclesiastes 12 194 Canticle 2 195 Canticle 6
196 Canticle 8 196 Wisdom 1 197 Wisdom 5 198 Wisdom 9 199 Wisdom 12 200 Wisdom 16		201 Wisdom 19 201 Ecclesiasticus 1 202 Ecclesiasticus 4 203 Ecclesiasticus 8 204 Ecclesiasticus 12 205 Ecclesiasticus 15		206 Ecclesiasticus 19 207 Ecclesiasticus 23 208 Ecclesiasticus 26 209 Ecclesiasticus 30 210 Ecclesiasticus 33
211 Ecclesiasticus 37 212 Ecclesiasticus 41 213 Ecclesiasticus 44 214 Ecclesiasticus 48 215 Ecclesiasticus 51 215 Isaias 1		216 Isaias 4 217 Isaias 8 218 Isaias 12 219 Isaias 15 220 Isaias 19		221 Isaias 23 222 Isaias 26 223 Isaias 30 224 Isaias 34 225 Isaias 37
226 Isaias 41 227 Isaias 45 228 Isaias 48 229 Isaias 52 230 Isaias 56		231 Isaias 59 232 Isaias 63 233 Isaias 66 233 Jeremias 1 234 Jeremias 4 235 Jeremias 8		236 Jeremias 12 237 Jeremias 15 238 Jeremias 19 239 Jeremias 22 240 Jeremias 26
241 Jeremias 30 242 Jeremias 33 243 Jeremias 37 244 Jeremias 41 245 Jeremias 44		246 Jeremias 48 247 Jeremias 52 248 Lamentations 3 249 Lamentations 5 249 Baruch 2 250 Baruch 6		251 Ezechiel 3 252 Ezechiel 7 253 Ezechiel 11 254 Ezechiel 14 255 Ezechiel 18
256 Ezechiel 22 257 Ezechiel 25 258 Ezechiel 29 259 Ezechiel 33 260 Ezechiel 36		261 Ezechiel 40 262 Ezechiel 44 263 Ezechiel 47 264 Ezechiel 48 264 Daniel 3 265 Daniel 6		266 Daniel 10 267 Daniel 14 268 Osee 3 269 Osee 7 270 Osee 11
271 Osee 14 272 Joel 3 272 Amos 1 273 Amos 5 274 Amos 8 275 Amos 9 275 Abdias 275 Jonas 2		276 Jonas 4 276 Micheas 2 279 Micheas 5 278 Micheas 7 278 Nahum 2 279 Nahum 3 279 Habacuc 3 280 Sophonias 3		281 Aggai 2 281 Zacharias 2 282 Zacharias 6 283 Zacharias 9 284 Zacharias 13 285 Zacharias 14 285 Malachias 3
286 Malachias 4 286 I Macc 2 287 I Macc 6 288 I Macc 10 289 I Macc 13 290 I Macc 16 290 II Macc 1		291 II Macc 5 292 II Macc 8 293 II Macc 12 294 II Macc 15 295 Matth 4		296 Matth 8 297 Matth 11 298 Matth 15 299 Matth 19 300 Matth 22
301 Matth 26 302 Matth 28 302 Mark 2 303 Mark 5 304 Mark 9 305 Mark 13		306 Mark 16 307 Luke 4 308 Luke 8 309 Luke 11 310 Luke 15		311 Luke 19 312 Luke 22 313 Luke 24 313 John 2 314 John 6 315 John 9
316 John 13 317 John 17 318 John 20 319 John 21 319 Acts 3 320 Acts 7		321 Acts 10 322 Acts 14 323 Acts 17 324 Acts 21 325 Acts 25		326 Acts 28 327 Romans 4 328 Romans 8 329 Romans 11 330 Romans 15
331 Romans 16 331 I Cor 3 332 I Cor 6 333 I Cor 10 334 I Cor 14 335 I Cor 16 335 II Cor 1		336 II Cor 5 337 II Cor 9 338 II Cor 12 339 II Cor 13 339 Gal 3 340 Gal 6 340 Eph 1		341 Eph 4 342 Eph 6 342 Phil 2 343 Phil 4 343 Col 2 344 Col 4 344 I Thess 1 345 I Thess 5
346 II Thess 3 346 I Tim 1 347 I Tim 4 348 I Tim 6 348 II Tim 2 349 II Tim 4 349 Tit 1 350 Tit 3 350 Phil 350 Heb 1		351 Heb 5 352 Heb 8 353 Heb 12 354 Heb 13 354 James 3 355 James 5 355 I Pet 1		356 I Pet 5 357 II Pet 3 357 I Jn 1 358 I Jn 4 359 I Jn 5 359 II Jn 359 III Jn 359 Jude 360 Apoc 4
361 Apoc 7 362 Apoc 11 363 Apoc 15 364 Apoc 18 365 Apoc 22

Did Sth Like Quenya Exist?

Φιλολoγικά/Philologica: Laketown, but not Esgaroth · Did Sth Like Quenya Exist? · Creation vs. Evolution: What Can Tolkien's Vision Tell Us About Old Earth Compromise?

We know that one of Tolkien's ideas behind Quenya was looking for non-Indo-European words in Indo-European languages.

Ranka (and its Slavic counterpart Ruk) is unique to Balto-Slavic. Not Germanic, not Celtic, not Italic, not Greek, and I just checked with google translate it's not there in Armenian, Iranian, Indian (I checked Farsi and Kurdish for Persian, Bengali and Punjabi for Indian) either. So, he concluded it had to be there in the pre-Indo-European language, so he put it into Quenya.

Álft is unique to Old Norse. Not Greek, not Celtic, not Farsi (Kurdish borrows the English), not Polish, not Lithuanian, not Armenian, not Sanskrit. So, it had to be pre-Indo-European, and he put it in Sindarin, without the final T, and created a cognate, alqua to put into Quenya.

Avis in Latin, maybe with éan in Irish, as a word for bird is unique to Italo-Celtic. In Sindarin it's aew, in Quenya aiwë.

The idea is of course that behind many different Indo-European languages, there was a common pre-Indo-European substrate in NW Europe.

According to a theory in linguistics that substrate did exist, and it is related to Basque and it came with the people from the Steppe.

How quirky would that be to Tolkien to have to identify Noldor with the Wainriders? (The latter are obviously based on Yamnaya people).

Here are some videos about this theory:

Did the Corded Ware speak Basque? An alternative view on the spread of Indo European pt.1
Yamokante | 9 March 2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3J18e8jEMQU

They hailed from the East. An alternative view on the spread of Indo European pt.2
Yamokante | 10 March 2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI9Vn1S8MtY

Who gave us our languages? An alternative view on the spread of Indo European pt.3
Yamokante | 14 March 2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ku6VJ_AsTXM

Merry Christmas to all Tolkien fans out there!

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
Christmas Day
25.XII.2025

Probable? Not Very

Pope Innocent the third had just launched the largest military operation in medieval Europe not against Muslims not against pagans but against Christians the targets were the Cathars a sect flourishing in southern France but historians analyzing Inquisition depositions note something strange the soldiers didn't just kill heretics they systematically destroyed records Parish books marriage contracts family bibles village registries interrogation transcripts from surviving witnesses describe crusaders demanding not confessions of faith but names of relatives marriage records genealogies going back generations

"but historians analyzing Inquisition depositions"

Why would this note what the soldiers did? The Inquisition was a tribunal, not a newspaper redaction.

Also, it would be very nice to have actual names of actual historians. Not just the word "historians" ...

"they systematically destroyed records Parish books marriage contracts family bibles village registries"

Why not phone numbers while we are at it?

The parish family book (Latin: Status animarum, meaning "State of Souls") is a register of people living in a parish and of events related to them. It is particularly characteristic of the Roman Catholic Church. The parish family books were prescribed in the Rituale Romanum published in 1614 by Pope Paul V. At first, they only contained data about sacraments received, religious knowledge, and religious affiliation. In the 18th century other data were added such as house numbers and ages. The parish family books were maintained by parish priests. They were most precise in villages because the population was more stable there than in cities.

Or a bit older:

In France, parish registers have been in use since the Middle Ages. The oldest surviving registers date back to 1303 and are posted in Givry. Other existing registers prior to orders of civil legislation in 1539 reside in Roz-Landrieux 1451, Paramé 1453, Lanloup 1467, Trans-la-Forêt 1479 and Signes 1500.[13]

The parish register became mandatory in France for baptisms with the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts signed into law by Francis I of France on August 10, 1539, then for marriages and burials with the Ordinance of Blois in 1579. They had to be sent every year to the bailiwick or sénéchaussée in the south of France.[14] In April 1667, the Ordinance of Saint-Germain-en-Laye ordered a copy to be kept by the parish clergy as before the ordinance.[15]

German wiki:

Die ältesten Kirchenbücher – sie liegen nur als Fragment vor – stammen aus dem 14. Jahrhundert und entstanden in der Provence und in Italien.

So, in fact, the oldest Parish books were from a century later than the Albigensian Crusade. One cannot totally say "Paul V was nearly as much later as Alexander Graham Bell" because some kind of Church books existed within a century. One could construe this as "well, the Inquisition destroyed the earlier ones" but it is not the most probable scenario, and also, the videast is not backing this up by pointing to actual names of actual historians. But I think I can do one better.

Thought. I recall finding the view in St. Thomas that: a) if a marriage is reputed valid because the contrahents were above 14 for the male, 12 for the female, but b) it wasn't because one of them hadn't reached puberty, then c) instead of seeking an annulment, the contrahent who had reached puberty and wanted to marry someone else should do so elsewhere, where they weren't known. This state was obviously no longer possible to practise once one had parish books, so this would indicate that the system of parish books was not yet put into place.

The same video speaks of "all record keeping institutions" ... in the sense of modern meticulous record, there weren't that many, not even Church parishes.

Right now, I think one should look at if the "Catholic Church" (a k a Vatican II Sect, not identic to the historic Catholic Church due to changes in theology) is scraping inconvenient data from the online versions of St. Thomas Aquinas. I recalled Prima via as including the words "manifestum est et patet sensibus aliquid moveri, utputa sol" (it is obvious and open to the senses that some things are in movement, as for instance the sun), making clear what I also know from Riccioli that St. Thomas was making the daily motion of the universe the clearest example. Here is the translation in New Advent: "It is certain, and evident to our senses, that in the world some things are in motion." No mention of the sun being among them. Because other than the daily one movements of the sun would not be evident to our senses, and heliocentrism holds that the daily one is only falsely evident to our senses, by the "train passenger" type of optic illusion. Unfortunately the guys at New Advent are heliocentrics, as are a lot of clergy of the Vatican II Sect.

Give me a shout-out if you have access to either info from St. Thomas' Summe in some printed Latin edition, please!

"interrogation transcripts from surviving witnesses describe crusaders demanding not confessions of faith but names of relatives marriage records genealogies going back generations"

If you had spoken about the Spanish Inquisition and about Jewish family records, I could have believed you. Especially if it were about a newly become Spanish territory, since an old one would have had the Inquisitors already keeping track of Jewish families. The problem endemic to Spain was crypto-Jews, after 1492. Inquisitors wanted to make sure a Catholic of Jewish family origins wasn't a crypto-Jew. Two Spaniards (or a Basque and a Galego) would agree with me that this was somewhat overdoing it. I've named St. Ignatius of Loyola and Francisco Franco Bahamonde. The founder of the Jesuits and the Caudillo who died when I was a child.

But for the Inquisition or the previous Crusade into Languedoc, this seems off. Armies weren't highly tightly knit networks of discipline, they were pretty loose stuff involving volunteers. I can picture SS taking Jews from Ukraine to certain camps, I cannot imagine the volunteers of Blue Division (from Franco's Spain) doing so. And Medieval Crusader armies, well, they were more like Blue Division than any kind of SS. But this chasing of documents would have been a work for the Gestapo. Didn't exist back then.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
St. Valérie of Limoges
9.XII.2025

Lemovicis, in Aquitania, sanctae Valeriae, Virginis et Martyris.

PS, the videast has taken Fr. Saunière as being a village priest recording marriages as they were held, in the years around 1200, he was indeed a priest, but of the 19th C. The originator of this theory./HGL

PPS, if there was a letter about "pretender lineage" from 1210 it's about the Albigensian Perfecti claiming a lineage from the Apostles, rival to the Roman Catholic claim (with partial sharing with Orthodox and some more)./HGL