Yamnaya Already a Mix

According to this one here, yes:

Geneticists have detected a fourth ancestral "tribe" which contributed to the modern European gene pool.
16 November 2015, BBC, News, Science / Environment
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34832781

Research shows Europeans are a mixture of three major ancestral populations - indigenous hunters, Middle Eastern farmers and a population that arrived from the east in the Bronze Age.

The latter being, obviously, Yamnaya.

About 5,000 years ago, herders called the Yamnaya entered Europe from the eastern Steppe region - in present day Ukraine and Russia.

Typical indigenous hunter (or more so than others) - a Basque.
Typical Middle Eastern farmer - Southern Europe.
Typical (or least untypical) Yamnaya (over 50 %) - Danes and Norwegians.

Now, Yamnaya seems to be a mix.

But the Yamnaya were themselves a mixed population. Around half of their ancestry came from a sister group to the hunter-gatherers who inhabited Europe before farming, while the other half appears to be from a population related to - but noticeably different from - the Middle Eastern migrants who introduced farming.

Researchers have now analysed genomes from two hunter-gatherers from Georgia that are 13,300 and 9,700 years old. The results show that these Caucasus hunters were probably the source of the farmer-like DNA in the Yamnaya.

The Caucasus hunter-gatherer genomes show a continued mixture with their Middle Eastern cousins to the south, who would go on to invent farming 10,000 years ago. However, this mixing ended about 25,000 years ago - just before the time of the last glacial maximum, or peak of the Ice Age.

Let me underline:

However, this mixing ended about 25,000 years ago - just before the time of the last glacial maximum, or peak of the Ice Age.

In the timeline below, I will refer to this as "end of mixture"

Timeline

Arphaxad *

2955 BC

2912 B. Chr.

0.066161 pmC/100, so dated as 25 362 B. Chr.

End of mixture

23 000 BC = 2912~2890 BC

2890 B. Chr.

0.09274 pmC/100, so dated as 22 540 B. Chr.

Shelah *

2820 BC

Eber *

2690 - 91 BC

2688 B. Chr.

0.328739 pmC/100, so dated as 11 888 B. Chr.

Georgia I

11 300 BC = 2688~2666 BC

2666 B. Chr.

0.354608 pmC/100, so dated as 11 216 B. Chr.

Noah +

2607 BC

Babel begins

2602 BC

Babel ends

2562 BC

Peleg *

2556 BC

2489 B. Chr.

0.519918 pmC/100, so dated as 7889 B. Chr.

Georgia II

7700 BC = 2489~2466 BC

2466 B. Chr.

0.532551 pmC/100, so dated as 7666 B. Chr.

Shem +

2455 BC

Reu *

2426 BC

Arphaxad +

2390 BC

Shelah +

2360 BC

Serug *

2294 BC

Peleg +

2217 BC

Eber +

2186 BC

Nahor *

2164 BC

Reu +

2087 BC

Terah *

2085 BC

Abraham *

2015 BC

Serug +

1964 BC

Nahor +

1956 BC

Isaac *

1915 BC

1890 B. Chr.

0.836622 pmC/100, so dated as 3390 B. Chr.

Yamnaya begins

3300 BC = 1890~1868 BC

1868 B. Chr.

0.841262 pmC/100, so dated as 3318 B. Chr.

Jacob and Esau *

1855 BC

Abraham +

1840 BC

Sources - quotes from article, New Tables, Refining table Flood to Abraham - and a doubt.

So, as the Yamnaya culture is found between Isaac's birth and Abraham's death, are the Yamnaya too mixed to be from Table of Nations, or is the mixture from so early that we are still speaking of a person within it and some inlaw?

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
Dep. of St. Prosdocim of Padua
7.XI.2022

Patavii depositio sancti Prosdocimi, qui fuit primus ejusdem civitatis Episcopus. Hic, a beato Petro Apostolo Episcopus ordinatus, ad praedicandum Dei verbum ad praedictam civitatem missus est; ibique, multis virtutibus et prodigiis coruscans, beato fine quievit.