Interesting Videos, MegalithHunter, I just provide an Alternative Timeline

Creation vs. Evolution Was Indo-European Group a Sprachbund? · Φιλολoγικά/Philologica Interesting Videos, MegalithHunter, I just provide an Alternative Timeline · Assorted retorts from yahoo boards and elsewhere Babel (and excursus: Can't Take a Screenshot from Here, But ...)

I) 2300 skeletal remains, 180 sites , from Denmark, France, Germany, GB, Spain and Sweden : 6000 BC to 2000 BC

2287 B. Chr.

63.387 pmC, so dated as 6037 B. Chr.

1610 B. Chr.

95.2011 pmC, so dated as 2020 B. Chr.

677 years, not 4000

An intense and by the time or written sources already remote "heroic era" ...

II) Thornbury Henges, 3500 to 2500 BC, 1000 years.

1935 B. Chr.

82.73 pmC, so dated as 3485 B. Chr.

...

1678 B. Chr.

89.4653 pmC, so dated as 2598 B. Chr.

1655 B. Chr.

91.4498 pmC, so dated as 2395 B. Chr.

(2598 + 2395)/2 = 2496.5 = 2500 BC.
(1678 + 1655)/2 = 1666.5 BC
(89.4653 + 91.4498)/2 = 90.45755 pmC => 830 extra years

830 + 1666.5 = 2496.5 BC

1935 - 1666 = 269 years, not 1000

Could ROMAN Curses Have Inspired The BOOK OF REVELATION?
MegalithHunter, 24 Febr. 2023
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8KrJBnT2EQ

III) The phase (of Stonehenge) between 2620 and 2480. 140 years.

1700 B. Chr.

87.575 pmC, so dated as 2800 B. Chr.

1678 B. Chr.

89.4653 pmC, so dated as 2598 B. Chr.

(2800 + 2598 + 2598 + 2598 + 2598 + 2598 + 2598 + 2598)/8 = 2623
(1700 + 1678 + 1678 + 1678 + 1678 + 1678 + 1678 + 1678)/8 = 1681
(87.575 + 89.4653 + 89.4653 + 89.4653 + 89.4653 + 89.4653 + 89.4653 + 89.4653)/8 = 89.2290125 pmC => 940 years

940 + 1681 = 2621

1678 B. Chr.

89.4653 pmC, so dated as 2598 B. Chr.

1655 B. Chr.

91.4498 pmC, so dated as 2395 B. Chr.

(2598 + 2395)/2 = 2496.5
(2598 + 2598 + 2395 + 2395 + 2395)/5 = 2476.2
(2598 + 2598 + 2598 + 2395 + 2395 + 2395 + 2395)/7 = 2482
(1678 + 1678 + 1678 + 1655 + 1655 + 1655 + 1655)/7 = 1665
(89.4653 + 89.4653 + 89.4653 + 91.4498 + 91.4498 + 91.4498 + 91.4498)/7 = 90.5993 pmC => 820

820 + 1665 = 2485

1681 - 1665 = 16 years, not 140

So, STONEHENGE Wasn’t Really A CALENDAR After All?
MegalithHunter, 28.III.2023
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5WfTrlosSg

Vikings in William the Conqueror's Ancestry

"Quora" (meaning a Quoran who is not named) put the question. I answered.

Q

How many Vikings went to Normandy and when did they go there? Did William the Conqueror have any Viking ancestry?
https://www.quora.com/How-many-Vikings-went-to-Normandy-and-when-did-they-go-there-Did-William-the-Conqueror-have-any-Viking-ancestry/answer/Hans-Georg-Lundahl-1

Hans-Georg Lundahl

none/ apprx Masters in Latin (language) & Greek (language), Lund University

17.III.2023

They certainly came a lot of them in Rollo’s time.

Here is the family tree of William the Conqueror:

1) William, 1028 – 9 September 1087

parents
2) Robert I, Duke of Normandy, 22 June 1000 – 1–3 July 1035
3) Herleva, 1003 – 1050

grandparents
4) Richard II, Duke of Normandy, died 28 August 1026
5) Judith of Brittany, 982–1017
6) Fulbert of Falaise, ?? - ??
7) unknown

great-grandparents
8) Richard I of Normandy, 28 August 932 – 20 November 996
9) Gunnor, 950 – 1031
10) Conan I of Rennes, died 27 June 992
11) Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou, 956 - 1024
12 - 15) unknown

great-great-grandparents
16) William Longsword, 893 – 17 December 942
17) Sprota
18 and 19) unknown, probably of Danish origin
20) Judicael Berengar, ?? - ??
21) unknown
22) Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou, 938/940 – 21 July 987
23) Adele of Meaux, 935 – 982
24 - 31) unknown

great-great-great-grandparents
32) Rollo / Hrólfr, died between 928 and 933
33) Poppa of Bayeux, born c. 880
34) = 20? / unknown
35) unknown
36 - 39) unknown
40) Berengar II of Neustria? / Pascweten?
41) unknown
42 - 43) unknown
44) Fulk II, Count of Anjou, 905 — 960
45) Gerberga, ?? - ??
46) Robert of Vermandois, 907 – 967/8
47) Adelais (914–967) of Burgundy
48 - 63) unknown

So, a great-great-great-grandfather of his, and the son, the great-great-grandfather, were born as Vikings. A great-grandmother, Gunnor, probably also had Danish background.

38 views

since yesterday

Hans-Georg Lundahl

18.III.2023

Median lifespan of those having known ones, 53:

35 35 47 47 49 49 53 55 59 61 64 68 81
35 35 47 47 47 49 53 55 59 60 64 68 81
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

"The Middle Ages Invented Nothing, It was Technological Progress Put on Pause" - "Do you Have a Screw Loose?"

I think the answer would be apt to the above allegation about the Middle Ages. It would perhaps not be the best response to a person making it, due to Matthew 5:22, but it would certainly be oddly fit to the allegation itself. Because the kind of screws that can be loose or tightly pulled were actually invented by the Middle Ages.

"Hey, wait, the screw was known in Antiquity!"

Let's make a distinction, shall we.

There is screw as a specific tool, sometimes pointed, turned into a hole in a thick material, and sometimes flat bolts and attached by a nut on the other side.
There is also screw as "simple machine" - in the sense that mechanics is a science dealing with very few "simple machines" ...

Lever, Wheel and axle, Pulley, Inclined plane, Wedge, Screw

What is a "simple machine" then?

Simple machines can be regarded as the elementary "building blocks" of which all more complicated machines (sometimes called "compound machines"[6][7]) are composed.[2][8] For example, wheels, levers, and pulleys are all used in the mechanism of a bicycle.

So, the screw that can be loose or tight is also a composite of simple machines? Yes:

A screw is a combination of simple machines: it is, in essence, an inclined plane wrapped around a central shaft, but the inclined plane (thread) also comes to a sharp edge around the outside, which acts as a wedge as it pushes into the fastened material, and the shaft and helix also form a wedge at the point. Some screw threads are designed to mate with a complementary thread, called a female thread (internal thread), often in the form of a nut object with an internal thread. Other screw threads are designed to cut a helical groove in a softer material as the screw is inserted. The most common uses of screws are to hold objects together and to position objects.

Note, screw as simple machine is not even one of them.*

Now, what was known in antiquity? The simple machine "screw." It was used in Archimede's screw and in screw presses for pressing wine and oil. What was not known in antiquity? The screw as fastener. A German wiki pretends that yes, in Late Antiquity, they were also used in fibulas of the very mighty. If this is so, it could be verified by a work from 1995. Here:

Erste Metallschrauben wurden vereinzelt in der römischen Antike angefertigt, wie beispielsweise die Nadelhalter an mehreren Zwiebelknopffibeln aus dem 4. Jahrhundert, die als von den Römischen Kaisern vergebene prunkvolle Rangabzeichen nicht nur aus wertvollen Metallen, sondern auch technisch besonders aufwändig gestaltet waren.

With the reference:

Barbara Deppert-Lippitz, Reinhold Würth (Hrsg.):
Die Schraube zwischen Macht und Pracht: das Gewinde in der Antike.
Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-3628-0, S. 88–89 (Ausstellungskatalog).
https://www.amazon.de/Schraube-zwischen-Pracht-Gewinde-Antike/dp/3799536280

So, if at all, then as a very luxurious fashion detail in the time of Constantine and Theodosius ... but the next example:

Ebenso wurden zu Beginn des 15. Jahrhunderts Metallschrauben in Europa gefertigt, die sich aber wegen ihres hohen Preises ebenfalls nicht allgemein durchsetzen konnten. Erst die Industrialisierung im 18. Jahrhundert ermöglichte die preiswerte und massenhafte Herstellung und weite Verbreitung von Schrauben.

These early 15th C. (i e Late Medieval) metal screws certainly were what we mean. And no, they were not in common use, among the people, but they were used for instance to fasten the parts of plate armour together. The principle of a fastener shaped as a screw had been definitely made. And its purpose was practical, without it, the plate armour would fall off and not protect one.

A bit later, about 100 years later, you find a related invention, the vice, which is described in the Löffelholz Codex from 1505. An unpleasant application of it is the thumbscrew - starting from Early Modern Times.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
St. Chad of Lichfield
2.III.2023

* It's possible that the line is somewhat moot. It's not based on my expertise in mechanics, just on the wording of the wiki.