Jordanes' Origin Story Confirmed by Genetics, in Part

Ancient DNA Just Solved the 2,000-Year-Old Mystery of the Goths
Evo Inception | 3 May 2026
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-AetBGnDtA

Ancient Anatolian Farmers: Arrival, Preseli Blue Stones, Stone Henge, and End

In the French edition* of National Geographic, August 2022, I find that the Early European Farmers arrived in 4000 BC, the stone circle in Preseli or Carn Menyn was built in 3300 BC and Stone Henge raised in 2500 BC. A space of 1500 years. Longer than Sweden has been unified (since c. 1000 AD) or Spain (since c. 1492). About the time from Clovis and St. Clotilda to ourselves.

Let's take this in my recalibration, shall we. I'll cite my tables, but because of a probably deliberate misunderstanding, but possibly shared by some without deliberation, first I'll clear something up. The format of my tables.

Real year BC

carbon 14 level (usually theoretic) back in that year in the atmosphere —> carbon date.

I say "usually theoretic" because for the years I have labelled nodes and numbered in Roman numerals, I base that on carbon dated archaeology and on (usually Biblical) historical real dates. Those nodes, I'm not giving the currently measured level of carbon 14, I'm giving the lower than 100 pmC level that it must have had back in the day in order to account for the discrepancy between the real date and the carbon date.

Example. En Geddi is excavated, and one of the habitations ended in the carbon date 3500 BC. That would be a carbon age of 5450 BP, calibrated, I presume. Now, if 5450 BP had been obtained as the raw date with the currently accepted halflife, the Cambridge halflife, it would mean the reed mats in the cave with the temple treasures have 0.5^(5450/5730) = 51.723 pmC. However, I hold that they are younger than 3500 BC, namely the date of Genesis 14 (Asason Tamar being mentioned as attacked and identified in Chronicles as En Geddi). In my Biblical chronology, that being the one of the Christmas day reading from the Martyrologium Romanum, the date would be 2015 BC - c. 80 years = c. 1935 BC. Why c. 80 years? It was after Abraham's vocation (chapter 12) at age 75 and before the birth of Ishmael (chapter 16) when he was 86.

The discrepancy is 1565 years. My proposal is, the reed mats were 1565 years old in carbon dating, given the then atmosphere and if carbon daters had been brought back in a time machine, because the then current atmosphere was 1565 years old. In other words, it had a carbon level of 82.753 pmC. Now, Genesis 14 is my node IV, and for years between nodes, I do a mathematically somewhat advanced interpolation.

So, Early European Farmers arise in Anatolia 7000 BC, leave Anatolia in 6000 BC, arrive in Britain in 4000 BC, build Carn Menyn in Preseli in 3300 BC and then Stone Henge in 2500 BC. Carbon dated.

III—IV

2442 BC

57.683 pmC, dated as 6990 BC

2327 BC (!)

63.519 pmC, dated as 6079 BC

2304 BC

64.676 pmC, dated as 5906 BC

2028 BC

78.316 pmC, dated as 4048 BC

2005 BC

79.432 pmC, dated as 3909 BC

Ancient Anatolian farmers are archeologically identifiable since some time before 2442 BC, which is when Shem died. They went into Europe between 2327 and 2304 BC, before Serug was born. They arrived in Britain between 2028 and 2005 BC, around when Abraham was born.

IV—V

1877 BC

83.97 pmC, dated as 3321 BC

1857 BC

84.371 pmC, dated as 3262 BC

The stone circle in Preseli was built between 1877 and 1857 BC. Terah had died, Jacob and Esau were soon to be born.

V—VI

1678 BC

89.449 pmC, dated as 2600 BC

1656 BC

91.353 pmC, dated as 2404 BC

So, the main stone circle of Stone Henge is from between 1678 and 1656 BC, somewhat after Joseph died in Egypt and somewhat longer before Moses was born.

Let's resume.

Ancient Anatolian Farmers are a thing in 2442 BC, get into Europe in 2327 / 2304 BC (a bit more than a century later) and arrive in Britain between 2028 and 2005 BC, c. 300 years after they got into the Balkans, a bit more than 400 years after they are a big thing in Anatolia.

They arrive in Britain in 2028 / 2005 BC, they build Preseli stone circle in 1877 / 1857 BC, c. 150 years later, and they relocate it to Stone Henge in 1678 / 1656 BC, c. 200 years after Preseli and c. 350 years after they arrived.

According to the paper in National Geographic, the Yamnaya invaders replaced them. Some others would disagree:

The modern English inherited around 50% of their genes from early European farmers, 36% from western European hunter-gatherers, and 14% from the ancient north Eurasians. According to the study, published in Nature, modern Scots can trace 40% of their DNA to the early European farmers and 43% to hunter-gatherers, though David Reich, a senior author on the study at Harvard University, said the differences were not significant.

Perhaps Y-chromosomes were more replaced than the genome overall, but there are Y-chromosome lineages going back to Western Hunter Gatherers, who lived in Britain before the Ancient Anatolian Farmers arrived. Like I2. Also, did R1b arrive only with Yamnaya wave, or with Early European Farmers?**

The modern English inherited around 50% of their genes from early European farmers, 36% from western European hunter-gatherers, and 14% from the ancient north Eurasians. According to the study, published in Nature, modern Scots can trace 40% of their DNA to the early European farmers and 43% to hunter-gatherers, though David Reich, a senior author on the study at Harvard University, said the differences were not significant.

DNA study reveals third group of ancient ancestors of modern Europeans
Ian Sample, science editor | Thu 18 Sep 2014 09.50 CEST
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/sep/18/ancient-ancestors-europeans-dna-study

Meanwhile, it is nearly certain that the society that built Stonehenge fell. National Geographic speculates on plague, a milder but still not innocuous strain of Yersinia pestis. If they were indeed menaced by plague, it was not the best move to cluster in high density around huge cult places, of which Stonehenge wasn't even the biggest. Just as in 2020, a certain cluster of Pentecostals in Alsatia counted 5000 people in a single huge tent meeting. I noted that Catholic mass, not being a question of the priest's personal charisma, and Catholic society having usually many priests, isn't as likely to get 5000 people in one place. Also a Catholic mass (at least of the Latin rite) is c. 45 min. while a tent meeting lasts longer.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Nanterre UL
St. Clotildis
3/VI.2026

Lutetiae Parisiorum sanctae Clotildis Reginae, cujus precibus vir ejus Clodoveus, Rex Francorum, Christi fidem suscepit.

* See: Sommaire du magazine National Geographic du mois d'Août 2022 : Les mystères de Stonehenge
De National Geographic | Publication 28 juil. 2022, 21:36 CEST
https://www.nationalgeographic.fr/histoire/2022/07/sommaire-du-magazine-national-geographic-du-mois-daout-2022-les-mysteres-de-stonehenge

** I can't access the newspaper, but I do access the online article of these two:

A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for European Paternal Lineages
Patricia Balaresque et al. | PLoS Biol. 2010 Jan 19;8(1):e1000285.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2799514/

= 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000285

The Times: First farmers in Britain were horsemen from the Steppes
https://www.thetimes.com/world/russia-ukraine-war/article/first-farmers-in-britain-were-horsemen-from-the-steppes-pb2b6txfc

Est-ce qu'un écrivain est un homme instruit ? Et, est-ce qu'un homme instruit aime Dostoïevski ?

Je n'ai pas lu Les Frères Karamazov. J'ai lâché Crime et Punition après la moitié, juste regardant à la page finale. Une nuit, quand j'étais en 10e ou 11e année scolaire, au lycée (Seconde ou Première selon le système français), j'ai lu la première moitié. J'ai dû interrompre pour petit-déjeuner et une journée de sport. L'expérience était traumatisante, à un tel niveau que je n'ai pas pu résumer la lecture où je l'avais lâché, ce livre.

J'ai par contre lu une bande dessinée, des Classics Illustrated. Sur la vie de cet auteur, l'activité avant la fausse exécution et le temps en Sibérie après. Assez franchement, j'aime moins bien l'écrivain (une fois les romans approchés) que la personne humaine.

Et la personne humaine n'est pas non plus ma tasse de thé totalement. Désolé, c'est pas avec moi qu'on discute ce Fiodor.

Suis-je donc mal instruit ? Et, est-ce que ça me disqualifie comme auteur ?

D'abord la question de principe. Un auteur doit pouvoir écrire de quelque chose qu'il connaît bien, pour l'avoir inventé très en détail (comme Tolkien inventa le Quenya) ou pour avoir bien étudié la question (comme Tolkien était expert de batailles, pas juste des siennes à la Guerre de 14—18). Mais "instruit" ? Pas si le mot renvoie à la reconnaissance et la familiarité avec un canon préexistant, dont selon certains Dostoïevski.

Platon n'avait pas lu Beaudelaire. Aristote n'avait pas lu Boileau. Virgile et Homère n'avaient pas lu les Inklings Tolkien et Lewis.* Si même être un auteur canonique ne vous oblige pas de connaître, reconnaître et aimer un certain canon litéraire, alors être auteur tout court ne vous n'y oblige pas non plus.

Si être auteur veut dire apporter un point de vue spécifique (certains définiraient être essayiste ainsi) simplement partager le point de vue d'une masse d'hommes est en contraste avec cette description. L'auteur n'est pas le bon écolier qui se fait instruire par les moyens que son prof juge les moyens de s'instruire. Il peut avoir un côté de ça, mais il ne l'est pas par essence.

Je ne suis pas le bon écolier ambitieux qui cherche des lectures en fonction de ce qui va socialement me gêner ou profiter. J'ai cherché la lecture d'Homère et de Virgile parce que CSL et JRRT semblaient les trouver très bons à lire. Et j'ai pris l'opinion de ces deux auteurs, pas en fonction d'une ambition sociale (à l'époque ça aurait été encore davantage foûtu de le faire en Suède), mais en fonction de mon propre goût.

Si je regarde un autre essayiste aussi de la Scanie, Frans G. Bengtsson, il cultiva Homère directement par son goût (et peut-être un brin d'ambition sociale, parce qu'Homère était déjà prestigieux), mais à ma meilleure connaissance, pas Dostoïevski.

Avant de connaître l'auteur*** des Mérovingiens qui laissent pousser les cheveux, je connus déjà Gilbert Keith Chesterton. À droite sur cette image° :

Apprécié°° jusqu'à par le pape:

Encore un homme ou deux qui n'étaient pas totalement fans de Dostoïevski. Pour Tolstoï, Chesterton admirait le raconteur mais déplorait le penseur.

Mais, quand même, Dostoïevski n'est pas rien. Il écrit très bien sur les faits de culpabilité, du choix moralement mauvais, de l'existence de la loi divine et de l'occurrence de sa négation par des méchants ! En effet. J'ai un jour décrit Tolkien comme un homme capable à donner des messages essentiels de Dostoïevski mais de le faire dans un récit pas trop sombre, donc lisible.

Pourtant, les Inklings, ce n'est pas juste Dostoïevski moins l'illisible (pour ma sensibilité, au moins, voir en haut), mais aussi une solide connaissance de Chesterton et de St. Thomas. C'est de Tolkien que je me vais vers Chesterton, et c'est de Chesterton que je me vais vers St. Thomas d'Aquin. Homme assez inconnu par Dostoïevski, chose à méditer pour ceux qui prétendraient que tous et chacun devraient connaître et apprécier un canon spécifique avant de devenir éventuellement des écrivains.

Et contrairement à Dostoïevski, le Docteur Angélique est lisible, pour moi.°°°

Je pense que d'aimer St. Thomas vaut aussi bien d'être considéré instruit comme d'aimer Dostoïevski. Au minimum. Mais comme dit, l'auteur n'a pas besoin d'être un homme instruit dans un canon litéraire. Item pour le fait d'aimer Chesterton et les Inklings, pas le moins si on y ajoute Hilaire Belloc et Charles Maurras.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Nanterre BU
Samedi de Pâques
11.IV.2026

Images sourcées: Frans G. Bengtsson (1894-1954), Swedish author, with his son Joachim.}} |Source =''en:Vecko-Journalen'', Christmas issue 1943 |Author =Unknown photographer. |Date =1943 or earlie; George Bernard Shaw, Hilaire Belloc, and G. K. Chesterton; Telegram sent by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli (the future Pius XII) on behalf of Pope Pius XI to the people of England following the death of Chesterton

* JRRT et CSL, vu que parmi les Inklings se trouvaient aussi le fils de Tolkien, Christopher, et le frère de Lewis, Warren H. **De långhåriga merovingerna *** L'image avec le fils Joachim est par un photographe inconnu, de 1943 et en domaine public. ° Également en domaine public, 1927, The Guardian. J'apprécie également Hilaire Belloc, au milieu. °° L'image n'est pas en domaine public, car créé en 2013. Par contre les conditions CC BY-SA 3.0 me permettent de l'utiliser. Et l'ayant droit semble ne plus exister sur wikimedia: AmChestertonSoc = probablement American Chesterton Society. °°° Je pense avoir un peu mieux compris Prima Via que ce qu'en exprime Chesterton en son livre sur St. Thomas. What's the Nature of Theism and the Pagan Alternative to Theism in Romans 1? Par contre, Chesterton exprime très bien Tertia Via en son livre et après d'avoir feuilleté Gilson, il dicte la seconde moitié de son livre à sa sécretaire. Gilson réplique en disant qu'il avait raison. Did Chesterton Even Read Any Aquinas? w/ Dale Ahlquist.

What's the Nature of Theism and the Pagan Alternative to Theism in Romans 1?

Creation vs. Evolution: I Hope, For Galileo's Sake, He Did Retract · Parallax and Heliocentrism · Φιλολoγικά/Philologica: What's the Nature of Theism and the Pagan Alternative to Theism in Romans 1? · The Introibo Blogger Repeats A Blunder by Henry Drummond

I'm listening to (or watching without sound but with subtitles) a video where Keaton Halley argues from Romans 1 that humanity is coeval with creation.

However, while he's perfectly right that mankind since Adam and Eve (and that being at the beginning of the world) have been able to conclude for God, he says "we can know from watching creation, there is a Creator" ... but that's not exactly what St. Paul says.

It makes sense in the modern world, where we are aware that an eternal stedy-state universe with an eternal steady-state earth isn't an option.

Hydrogen meets Hydrogen, becomes Deuterium. Deuterium meets Deuterium, becomes Helium. Happens over and over again in the Sun and all self luminous stars. It's a one way process. Hydrogen is being depleted. Helium is being replenished. There is no opposed process known to science. If this had been going on since all eternity, Hydrogen would already be completely depleted and Helium would be all that was left. Or heavier elements. However, given spectral lines, we know Hydrogen is more abundant than Helium:

For example, the abundance of oxygen in pure water can be measured in two ways: the mass fraction is about 89%, because that is the fraction of water's mass which is oxygen. However, the mole fraction is about 33% because only 1 atom of 3 in water, H₂O, is oxygen. As another example, looking at the mass fraction abundance of hydrogen and helium in both the universe as a whole and in the atmospheres of gas-giant planets such as Jupiter, it is 74% for hydrogen and 23–25% for helium; while the (atomic) mole fraction for hydrogen is 92%, and for helium is 8%, in these environments.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements

So, given the universe had a beginning, a finite time ago, sorry, I'm repeating myself, how did it begin? And we can rule out Big Bang from spiral galaxies "13 billion light years away" and we can rule out Abiogenesis from the fact that Miller Urey conditions can't provide materials for cell membranes (which are essential to preserving amino acids from disintegrating in Miller Urey conditions) and we can rule out non-human apes turning to men because of language, as I have argued here:

HGL's F.B. writings: Challenge not met
https://hglsfbwritings.blogspot.com/2026/03/challenge-not-met.html

If you aren't a linguist having never heard of "dual patterning" or "double articulation", check out the link I give in the status on the forum:

All Human Languages are Human, None are "Primitive"
https://assortedretorts.blogspot.com/2026/03/all-human-languages-are-human-none-are.html

So, yes, we are in a position to argue not just generally for God in a Theistic sense, but specifically for a Creator God. There was never when God wasn't (and this is true of God the Son too, see the condemnation of Arians in the Fourth Century), but there was a beginning when the creation hadn't been before. And a beginning that could only originate from a conscious God, not from sth like unconscious space-time with natural laws.

By the way, in Einsteinian terms, Big Bang is a contradiction in terms. "Once, all of them matter and energy in the universe was concentrated in a point as small as an atom, then it expanded" — this doesn't work if space itself is a kind of material substance or force field. Because that one would have been expanding, but there is no extension to measure of it as a whole apart from what it contains, so the logic consequence would be, a universe as big as ours could "in our universe" take up the space of an atom, but not that the universe could gain in size against the outside, since there is no space outside it. Space can't expand, even if finite, since there are no "empty space coordinates" for it to expand in.

But, Lucretius didn't believe in the Big Bang. I'll actually go to the Pagans first. Specifically the most non-Theistic ones, the precursors (very indirectly) of modern Atheism.

He had no spectral lines. He had no idea of what happens as hydrogen to helium fusion in the Sun. He had no indication the universe had a beginning.

In the 12th C. the Shroud of Turin could have been a forgery. After Secondo Pia and Barry Schwortz we can't. Just the same way, we know the universe had a beginning, but in the 12th C we didn't know it and Lucretius didn't know it. Noah knew it because he recalled that Adam had been created a celibate adult, but some of the peoples after Babel forgot that and therefore didn't know it any more. St. Paul speaks of what observation can tell us. Even without the tradition from Adam and Eve.

Can you think of a specific observational item, not "special instruments" but "naked eye" observation, since the beginning of the world, which tells us of God, but not necessarily that He created? I can. If we take the words "his eternal power also" these are in the Greek: ἥ τε ἀΐδιος αὐτοῦ δύναμις and 126. aidios has two definitions:

1. (forward and backward) eternal
2. (forward only) everlasting

It's both, if it's everlasting, as we observe it to be, it can't be acquired from somewhere else, so it's eternal in the first sense too, but what we observe is, "no God didn't get tired, He gave us another day" or "another night".

St. Ambrose puts it in a very nice way in a hymn before going to bed (technically Compline, I think, no, Saturday Vespers), here:

DEUS creator omnium
polique rector, vestiens
diem decoro lumine,
noctem soporis gratia

Here is a translation:

GOD that all things didst create
and the heavens doth regulate,
Who doth clothe the day with light,
and with gracious sleep the night....

So, "didst create" is a statement of the past and is known through faith. But the rest of it "and the heavens doth regulate, / Who doth clothe the day with light, / and with gracious sleep the night...." is known by observation. This is the kind of thing we observe and which St. Paul speaks of.

What was the Atheist response? It actually wasn't Heliocentrism, Lucrece was also a Geocentric, though not as much as Sts. Paul and Ambrose. Here is a quote from a translation of De Rerum Natura, book I, 979 to 1068:

Air divides the hills; the earth
Creates the sea, and the sea gives birth
To it, and so it goes. The traits of space
Are such that even thunderbolts can’t race
Across the endless tracts of time, nor may
They rest awhile while they go on their way;
There’s such a huge abundance spread around
In all directions: lest a thing is bound
By limits, every body must enclose
Each void, each void each body, and this shows
That both of them possess no boundaries:
Unless it hemmed the other, one of these
Would be extended, stretched immeasurably,
And thus the earth, the bright-blue sky, the sea,
Mankind and the immortals could not stay
An hour in place, for all things, swept away,
Would through the massive void be borne, indeed
Would never have combined to be the seed
Of anything. For prime germs certainly
Did not with any perspicacity
Fashion themselves in order or decide
What movements for each one they should provide,
But, since they’re multitudinous and change
In many ways among the All, they range
Abroad, pushed out and beaten, venturing
All kinds of movement and of coupling
Until they settle down eventually
With those designs through which totality
Is made: for countless years they’ve been protected
Now they acceptably have been projected
Into their proper motions – thus the sea
By all the streams is freshened constantly,
The earth, lapped by the vapours of the sun,
Brings forth new brood, all creatures, every one,
Flourish and all the gliding fires which flow
Above us yet live on. They could not, though,
Have managed this at all had no supply
Of matter risen from the void, whereby
They could repair lost things. With scarcity
Of food beasts waste away, while similarly
All things must fade when matter, blown aside
Somehow, is then unable to provide
Succour, nor from outside can blows maintain
The world’s united sum. For blows can rain
Often and check a part while others come
Along, enabled to fill up the sum;
But meanwhile they are often forced to spring,
Thus to the primal germs contributing
A space and time for flight that they may be
Borne from this union to liberty.
So many things, we’re brought to understand,
Must rise, and yet the blows must be at hand
Always in order that there’ll always be
A force of matter universally.
Don’t listen to those people who profess
That all things inward to the centre press,
Dear Memmius, and that the entire world
Stands firmly while no outward blows are hurled
Against it, since neither their depth nor height
Can be unbound and all things are pressed tight
Into the centre. Therefore, do not think
That heavy weights beneath the earth can shrink
Upon it, having striven from below
To settle upside down, as images show
Upon the ocean. They also propound
That every breathing thing wanders around
And can’t fall up to the sky any more than we
Can reach the heavens by flying; when they see
The sun, the constellations of the night
Are what we view - we thus detach our sight
From theirs, our night coequal to their day.
These dreams have made these people fools since they
Embrace them faultily, for there can’t be
A centre when there is infinity.

So, his point is, the Geocentrism we observe is kind of a whirlpool movement, by lack of stability. It is also an illusion from lack of circumspection insofar as Earth is only a local centre. Much as modern Heliocentrism isn't cosmic Heliocentrism, but makes the Sun only centre of the locality known as the "Solar System".

This obviously depends on lots of unobserved assumptions, not quite unlike, in our modern Atheism, "Dark Matter" and "Dark Energy". He is asking us to take unobserved "infinity" as inherent in things that are observed as finite, having limits.

So, in contrast, St. Paul tells us we can trust our perception, we don't have to fumble with unproven assumptions in the unknown, especially where they contradict what we know of things by observation, Geocentrism really is absolute, movement isn't just a whirlpool effect, and it comes from God.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Nanterre UL
Easter Thursday
9.IV.2026

Could China See the Sun Go Dark on Good Friday?

31°46′44″N 35°13′32″E, the coordinates of Jerusalem. Let's keep 31°46′44″N as it is.

3 hours = 1/8 of the nychthemeron (of the 24 hours).

365° / 8 = 182° 30' / 4 = 91° 15' / 2 = 45° 37' 30"

So, at the end of the three hours darkness, the Sun was at 10° 23' 58" W.

180° - 10° = 170° E
169° 60' - 23' = 169° 37' E
169° 36' 60" - 58" = 169° 36' 02" E.

That's South of Sakhalin, basically, that the Sun was in nadir at the end of the Cross Death.

However, it's below horizon 90° to either side of that.

79° 36' 02" E is pretty close to Qangzê, which historically is in Tibet, not China.

However, let's recall the beginning, at 12 noon. Then the Sun was 45° 37' 30" further East.

045° 37' 30"
079° 36' 02"
______________
124° 73' 32" = 125° 13' 32"

When the Sun went dark, the Sun was setting at a place a bit East of China, and the Jerusalem latitude is a bit South of Western Korean Peninsula.

So, supposing the Sun went dark at one specific time, in relation to any place not under the horizon, in China, it would have been observed as going dark a bit before normal sunset, which would have been at / near 6 PM.

How far East was Luoyang?

34°37′11″N 112°27′14″E

125° 13' 32"
112° 27′ 14″
___________________
012° 46' 18" (less than 15° = c. 1/24 of 365°)

So, grosso modo, in Luoyang, the time when Jesus was nailed to the Cross and the Sun went dark, 12:00 in Jerusalem, would have been 17:00 (or actually, less than an hour before sunset, later than astronomical 17:00).

More than 2 of the three hours would have been after sunset. What if Beijing had been the capital?

39°54′24″N 116°23′51″E

125° 13' 32"
116° 23′ 51″
__________________
008° 49' 41" (little more than 15° / 2)

That is just 8~9° West of the "sunset" meridian for noon in Jerusalem. In Beijing, one would have seen it for a little more than 30 minutes, not for 3 hours.

I've contacted Prof. Emer. Christopher Cullen, an expert on Ancient Chinese astronomy, we'll see if he answers.*

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
St. Matthias Apostle
24.II.2026

In Judaea natalis sancti Matthiae Apostoli, qui, post Ascensionem Domini ab Apostolis in Judae proditoris locum sorte electus, pro Evangelii praedicatione martyrium passus est.

I wonder if Laramie Hirsch permitted himself an April Fools joke on April 1 2021, even if it was Maundy Thursday that year, in the post Historical World Accounts of the Crucifixion’s Darkness The parts of Thallus and Julius Africanus is however genuine. But the citation from Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound apparently isn't from an F-search in ÆSCHYLUS' PROMETHEUS BOUND AND THE SEVEN AGAINST THEBES.

PPS, wonder what time it was in Ulster (Emain Macha) when it was 12:00 in Jerusalem? 54°20′53″N 6°41′50″W

06° 41′ 50″ W
35° 13′ 32″ E
41° 54' 82" = 41° 55' 22", pretty close to 45° 37' 30"

It would have been from about 9 AM to 12 that the Sun went dark over Emain Macha./HGL

* I was referred to Quora:
Is there an ancient Chinese record of Jesus's death and resurrection?
https://www.quora.com/Is-there-an-ancient-Chinese-record-of-Jesuss-death-and-resurrection?top_ans=353431258
probably mostly:
Yugan Talovich answers: Did emperor Guangwu really mention Jesus' atonement? Is there any evidence for it's authenticity? (Christian answers please) Source: History of the Latter Han dynasty, Volume 1, Chronicles of emperor Guangwu, 7th year
https://www.quora.com/Did-emperor-Guangwu-really-mention-Jesus-atonement-Is-there-any-evidence-for-its-authenticity-Christian-answers-please-Source-History-of-the-Latter-Han-dynasty-Volume-1-Chronicles-of-emperor-Guangwu-7th-year/answer/Yugan-Talovich

"There are those who want to control the narrative ..." — Oh, really? Perhaps not like you think.

This video features:

• Uruk had between 40 000 and 80 000 inhabitants in 2800 BC;
• and the Kings' List includes a female ruler.
• This was discovered in 2013, btw. Anthropologist Guillermo Algaze.

Here's the video, of the type youtube calls a "short":

@mruink
A Shocking Truth About the Ancient Sumerians
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/J8lju2oC9xE

Now, the video ends with a question and offers an answer: Why haven't we heard of this before? The truth is, there are those who want to control the narrative.

The colloquial expression I might use about this is a matter that can be used as fertiliser most of the world and in India, when dried, is also used as fire fuel. I don't want to be too vulgar and spell it out.

First, I'm far from certain that we never heard of any of this before. I hear of this now, nearly 13 years after 2013. Some may have heard of it before Algaze stepped in. In fact, he had written about similar things before, in an article called The Sumerian Takeoff. It's from 2005 and same year it got a critique:

Critique of Guillermo Algaze’s “The Sumerian Takeoff”
2005, Adams, Robert McC.
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5m8043vf

I cite the first paragraph after the absstract:

My discomfort with this article is primarily with its didactic, positivistic tone, rather than its ably argued, if somewhat too narrowly focused, contents. We are informed already in the Abstract, on the authority of “economic geographers” without knowledge of the ancient Near Eastern background, that “regional variations in economic activity and population agglomeration are always the result of self-reinforcing processes of resource production, accumulation, exchange, and innovation.” And again, “that emergence of early cities in the southern Mesopotamian alluvium must be understood in terms of, both, the unique ecological conditions that existed across the region during the fourth millennium… and the enduring geographical framework…” (emphases added).

Sounds like Algaze (born in Cuba, working in Chicago, by the way) is himself a man who wants to control the narrative.

But apart from this, there is an omission of a way more obvious reason. Around 100 AD, both Sumerian and Akkadian were extinct languages. Not "dead" in the sense that Classic languages like Latin, Greek or Sanskrit are sometimes called "dead" for lack of native speakers. No, they had been that already in the time of Alexander. But extinct. No one able to study them any more. The study of Cuneiform writing was rebooted from scratch, first by deciphering Old Persian Cuneiform between 1802 and 1836, then by extending the study to Elamite and Akkadian (Babylonian dialect) over the Behistun trilingual, which was partly copied in 1835 as to the Old Persian stuff, but Elamite and Akkadian had to wait till 1847. It was only later than that, that it was discovered that part of the text was missing due to dissolution of the limestone it was carved in, part was missing due to limestone covering it.

In 1938, the inscription became of interest to the Nazi German think tank Ahnenerbe, although research plans were cancelled due to the onset of World War II.

From the Behistun material, copied and published in 1849, one continued to learn Akadian:

By 1851, Hincks and Rawlinson could read 200 Akkadian signs. They were soon joined by two other decipherers: young German-born scholar Julius Oppert, and versatile British Orientalist William Henry Fox Talbot. In 1857, the four men were requested to take part in a famous experiment to test the accuracy of their decipherments. Edwin Norris, the secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society, gave each of them a copy of a recently discovered inscription from the reign of the Assyrian emperor Tiglath-Pileser I. A jury of experts was impaneled to examine the resulting translations and assess their accuracy. In all essential points, the translations produced by the four scholars were found to be in close agreement with one another. There were, of course, some slight discrepancies. The inexperienced Talbot had made a number of mistakes, and Oppert's translation contained a few doubtful passages which the jury politely ascribed to his unfamiliarity with the English language. But Hincks' and Rawlinson's versions corresponded remarkably closely in many respects. The jury declared itself satisfied, and the decipherment of Akkadian cuneiform was adjudged a fait accompli.

And only then did one start learning Sumerian. This is by the way a reason why Hislop's book The Two Babylons from 1853 is nonsense. Learning an ancient culture in accurate detail takes time. Lorenzo Valla already knew Latin when he started a work of bettering the understanding of ancient Roman culture (he made a work on its coinage, which hadn't been understood, De Asse et partibus eius). He died in 1457. The work of getting to know Ancient Rome and Greece is still not finished. Understanding Old (Classic) Babylon and prior cities like Ur and Uruk, like Nippur and Lagash could only take off after 1851, by then they had far less to go on than Valla had had.

This is the reason why this hasn't been known earlier. Not that someone has been keeping it secret to control the narrative.

As a side note, the carbon date 2800 BC would in my Biblical recalibration calibrate to 1700 BC, around the time when Joseph's pharao Djoser died. Except that for Djoser's burial ship, the date 2800 BC or so is a raw date and is calibrated to 2600 sth, by Uniformitarians, conventional archaeologists, so, this 2800 BC would be a calibrated 2800 BC, earlier than 1700 BC.

As a side note within the side note, I examplify the distance between raw date and calibration in an essay from last year:

As 1950 is 75 years ago, the carbon date BP wouldn't be 500, but 425. However, the raw carbon age for 420 BP seems to correspond to 1460 rather than to 1525, according to the fine calibration.

Raw date is the mathematically accurate deduction from remaining carbon 14, assuming the original content was 100 pmC and that the halflife was 5730 years. Calibration involves taking other age indicators into account, which give a slightly (or in my case, when we go back far enough, radically) different age, and which theoretically can be explained by assuming the original carbon 14 content was slightly (or in my case, when we go back far enough, radically) different.

So, in Joseph's time, presuming he's the one recalled as Imhotep and his pharao was Djoser, or a little earlier, this would be the real time period for this expansion of Uruk, which spoke mainly Sumerian, and the Classic city Babylon, which spoke mainly Akkadian, was founded later. There is no direct continuity of settlement between Nimrod's and Nebuchadnezzar's cities. They are not historically, even if they are theologically, one city. And before you use this as an alibi for saying Hislop was correct about the theology of Göbekli Tepe, which is also geographically distant from Nebuchadnezzar's city, that was not even discovered in his time, it was discovered in 1963 and excavated from 1995.

Anyway, the people who want to control the narrative are less good at keeping secrets than often presumed, and better at insisting on one interpretation (like excluding my Biblical recalibration). Algaze did not rescue facts from dungeons where someone was shutting them up.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
Septuagesima LD
1.II.2026

Resources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_Algaze

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behistun_Inscription

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decipherment_of_cuneiform

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Schmidt_(archaeologist)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Göbekli_Tepe

Creation vs. Evolution: So, You Think Another Biblical Chronology is Right than Mine? Here is What You Can Do ... for Carbon Dates
dimanche 16 mars 2025 | Publié par Hans Georg Lundahl à 07:17
https://creavsevolu.blogspot.com/2025/03/so-you-think-another-biblical.html

Did Sth Like Quenya Exist?

Φιλολoγικά/Philologica: Laketown, but not Esgaroth · Did Sth Like Quenya Exist? · Creation vs. Evolution: What Can Tolkien's Vision Tell Us About Old Earth Compromise?

We know that one of Tolkien's ideas behind Quenya was looking for non-Indo-European words in Indo-European languages.

Ranka (and its Slavic counterpart Ruk) is unique to Balto-Slavic. Not Germanic, not Celtic, not Italic, not Greek, and I just checked with google translate it's not there in Armenian, Iranian, Indian (I checked Farsi and Kurdish for Persian, Bengali and Punjabi for Indian) either. So, he concluded it had to be there in the pre-Indo-European language, so he put it into Quenya.

Álft is unique to Old Norse. Not Greek, not Celtic, not Farsi (Kurdish borrows the English), not Polish, not Lithuanian, not Armenian, not Sanskrit. So, it had to be pre-Indo-European, and he put it in Sindarin, without the final T, and created a cognate, alqua to put into Quenya.

Avis in Latin, maybe with éan in Irish, as a word for bird is unique to Italo-Celtic. In Sindarin it's aew, in Quenya aiwë.

The idea is of course that behind many different Indo-European languages, there was a common pre-Indo-European substrate in NW Europe.

According to a theory in linguistics that substrate did exist, and it is related to Basque and it came with the people from the Steppe.

How quirky would that be to Tolkien to have to identify Noldor with the Wainriders? (The latter are obviously based on Yamnaya people).

Here are some videos about this theory:

Did the Corded Ware speak Basque? An alternative view on the spread of Indo European pt.1
Yamokante | 9 March 2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3J18e8jEMQU

They hailed from the East. An alternative view on the spread of Indo European pt.2
Yamokante | 10 March 2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI9Vn1S8MtY

Who gave us our languages? An alternative view on the spread of Indo European pt.3
Yamokante | 14 March 2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ku6VJ_AsTXM

Merry Christmas to all Tolkien fans out there!

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
Christmas Day
25.XII.2025

The Ancient World Usually Didn't Use Passports ... in the West

You know, not just Germanic and Celtic peoples, but Greeks, Romans, I think even Carthaginians, and old Israelites. Here is good old wiki on the passports in the West:

In the 12th century, the Republic of Genoa issued a document called Bulletta, which was issued to the nationals of the Republic who were traveling to the ports of the emporiums and the ports of the Genoese colonies overseas, as well as to foreigners who entered them.

King Henry V of England is credited with having invented what some consider the first British passport in the modern sense, as a means of helping his subjects prove who they were in foreign lands. The earliest reference to these documents is found in a 1414 Act of Parliament.[13][14] In 1540, granting travel documents in England became a role of the Privy Council of England, and it was around this time that the term "passport" was used. In 1794, issuing British passports became the job of the Office of the Secretary of State.[13] In the Holy Roman Empire, the 1548 Imperial Diet of Augsburg required the public to hold imperial documents for travel, at the risk of permanent exile.[15]

In 1791, Louis XVI masqueraded as a valet during his Flight to Varennes as passports for the nobility typically included a number of persons listed by their function but without further description.[8]:31–32

A Pass-Card Treaty of October 18, 1850 among German states standardized information including issuing state, name, status, residence, and description of bearer. Tramping journeymen and jobseekers of all kinds were not to receive pass-cards.[8]:92–93

Before World War I, in most situations only adult males could receive a passport; their family members were written in their passport if they traveled with them. Even if a married woman had her own passport, she could not use it without her husband present.[16]:93–94

The Bible mentions Artaxerxes giving a passport, but Persia is the East. Arthashastra, could be by Chanakya, a Brahmin of Chandragupta. Passports in Arthashastra seem to be about the countryside being treated as a restricted access area.

Passports were an important part of the Chinese bureaucracy as early as the Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD), if not in the Qin dynasty.

I think China counts as the East. And, I'll cite in full the last instance before these European ones:

In the medieval Islamic Caliphate, a form of passport was the bara'a, a receipt for taxes paid. Only people who paid their zakah (for Muslims) or jizya (for dhimmis) taxes were permitted to travel to different regions of the Caliphate; thus, the bara'a receipt was a "basic passport".

So, the idea was not even to protect sovereign territory, it was to keep people in place ...

Here is the chapter modern development cited:

A rapid expansion of railway infrastructure and wealth in Europe beginning in the mid-nineteenth century led to large increases in the volume of international travel and a consequent unique dilution of the passport system for approximately thirty years prior to World War I. The speed of trains, as well as the number of passengers that crossed multiple borders, made enforcement of passport laws difficult. The general reaction was the relaxation of passport requirements.[17] In the later part of the nineteenth century and up to World War I, passports were not required, on the whole, for travel within Europe, and crossing a border was a relatively straightforward procedure. Consequently, comparatively few people held passports.

During World War I, European governments introduced border passport requirements for security reasons, and to control the emigration of people with useful skills. These controls remained in place after the war, becoming a standard, though controversial, procedure.

So, the footnotes are 8, 13—17, and these read, omitting some links:

Torpey, John (2018). The Invention of the Passport.
A brief history of the passport Archived 2019-10-09 at the Wayback Machine – The Guardian
Casciani, Dominic (2008-09-25). "Analysis: The first ID cards". BBC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
John Torpey, Le contrôle des passeports et la liberté de circulation. Le cas de l'Allemagne au XIXe siècle, Genèses, 1998, n° 1, pp. 53–76
Bixby, Patrick (2023). License to Travel: A Cultural History of the Passport. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-39789-7.

One of the references to John Torpey is:

The transition from private to state control over movement was an essential aspect of the transition from feudalism to capitalism. Communal obligations to provide poor relief were an important source of the desire for controls on movement.

So, partly, in the West, the passport is a byproduct of social services. Here is a question: if someone enters your country without a passport and doesn't ask municipalities for help, what wrong is then done to the country?

In a proposed film project which Tolkien finally didn't approve, Frodo fills in ledgers in the Prancing Pony.

Tolkien replied "ledgers? what for? there wasn't any police, there weren't any passports" meaning obviously in the fictional setting the adaptation was going to reproduce. However, that fictional setting, though chronologically very much older (than actual time) was not socially more rudimentary than the Roman Empire or even the Byzantine Empire. Eriador, the larger region where the Shire and Bree are set (with the Prancing Pony being an inn in Bree), was once part of Arnor, which was one of the divisions of the Numenorean states. And that in some significant ways corresponds to Roman or Byzantine Empire. Which Tolkien, as a scholar and Medieval aficionado, knew pretty well.

Going over Quora answers, it seems Rome indeed didn't use passports in the usual sense, however, whereever you locally resided as citizen of the city state (including Rome or up to AD 79 Pompeii), you would be registered. But there were no police watching over the city, the citizens actually were doing duty as watchmen.

It seems things became more complicated with railways and steamboats ... Interpol was founded after 1918, after Roman Emperors were no more ruling in Vienna or St. Petersburg!

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
St. Martin's Day
11.XI.2025

Turonis, in Gallia, natalis beati Martini, Episcopi et Confessoris; cujus vita tantis exstitit miraculis gloriosa, ut trium mortuorum suscitator esse meruerit.

Nations Exist, Ted Cruz, I Agree on That One

Sometimes nations divide, though, and sometimes they mix.

For instance, is the US nation (if one, some argue US has 14 nations, New Englanders and Texans being two different ones), identic to the English nation? Or did some kind of divide happen, like 1775 or even earlier?

And is the US nation just a separation of the English or is it admixture of Celtic Fringe, French, Dutch, Germans, Poles, Irish (but I already said Celtic Fringe), Cherokee, other Amerindian and Hispanic origins?* Would Cruz in 1775 more properly have been found in the 13 Colonies or in a Spanish colony?

Now, 2000 years ago, the nation of Israel was** split into two. Jews and Samarians. Jews were the population of Judaea and Galilee, Samarians of Samaria. Prophets had mentioned a demilitarisation and reunification of Judah and Ephraim, that is of Jews and Samarians. Did it happen?

Check Acts 2 and 8.

Was this ephemeral or did it last? I would say the reunited and Christian nation of Israel exists to this very day, and the modern name for them is Christian Palestinians.

If you want to dispute that, prove me wrong on the history of the region, but just to be fair, I'm not taking Netanyahu as an unbiassed and overall on all sides well-informed historian.

A mother and a daughter in Gaza were pulled out of Church while praying and killed by an IDF soldier. He was never punished, the IDF and Israel denied the incident. Church authorities however confirmed it.

About the modern state of Israel, I'd like to mention that there is another passage in the Bible than the one you miscited to Tucker Carlson. Apocalypse 11.

And their bodies shall lie in the streets of the great city, which is called spiritually, Sodom and Egypt, where their Lord also was crucified
[Apocalypse (Revelation) 11:8]

We are clearly dealing with earthly Jerusalem, since it says "where their Lord also was crucified". Now, what kind of situation could Jerusalem be in if it is called spiritually "Sodom and Egypt"? Well, Jerusalem could be hosting a Pride Parade. And Jerusalem could be oppressing Israelites, for instance the Palestinians. Speaking of oppressing Israelites, some have characterised the oppression as genocide, and some have replied that it would be a weird genocide in which the victim population increased. Well, check out Exodus chapter 1, pharaos clearly tried out genocidal policies, and Israelites clearly increased nonetheless.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
Corpus Christi
19.VI.2025

PS, if anyone pretends Palestinians come from the Peninsula, watch this:

Palestinians Did Not Come from Arabia: Debunking another Zionist Origin Myth
History.Culture.projects | 18 June 2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3-UlTACbko

* Mea culpa, Robert Sungenis, I forgot Italians, and my first meal on US soil was in an Italian restaurant in New York!
** Since about 1000 years, not since back then.

See also:
Tucker Was Right: Ted Cruz Took the Bible Out of Context on Israel
Reason & Theology | 19.VI.2025
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GpzMGnzAuYI

How Do We Know History?

Creation vs. Evolution: Forrest Valkai Debunked Will Spencer, or So He Thought · Φιλολoγικά/Philologica: How Do We Know History?

It's one of these topics where a Christian and an Atheist (or for that matter very vague Theist) are not likely to agree.

Here an ex-Christian is giving his point of view:

Do Apologists Prove Anything? Why Christian Arguments Fail? The Bible Is NOT Reliable As History.
DEBUNKING CHRISTIAN FUNDAMENTALISM | 24 Nov. 2024
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mD5_5QpCBd0

5:34 — 5:50 sth

"they are not doing historical research, they are taking the Biblical story as true to begin with, accepting the supernatural myth as true to begin with, and then trying to manipulate the actual historical facts to make them fit their world view, which is based on non-facts"

History is an art of finding (or keeping) a reliable source, and drawing facts out of it. Or more reliable sources.

Reliable being to some degree subjective in evaluation, this means, not all will agree on what sources are reliable.

But here we have a man taking "the actual historic facts" as sourced in any material outside the Bible and outside the supernatural, and more specifically summaries by modern historians or archaeologists.

If one knew from a philosophical or religious viewpoint that the Bible were wrong, one would not have the right to presume the Bible reliable on all, but it would not automatically presume the Bible unreliable on history.

Now, one actually doesn't know the Bible wrong from a religious or philosophical viewpoint even in theology. But even if one were on the edge, even if one were not sure about the Bible being right, two things should stand out:

• one would have to consider the Bible on an a priori equal footing with other ancient texts
• one would have to consider the evidence for miracles on an equal footing with evidence for other events.

And if one wanted to go further, consider how much of the Biblical miracles are proof of how much of the Christian theology. But that's another enquiry beyond the strictly historic one.

However. Charles Hurst does not agree. He's a very vague Theist. To him, the historic facts are what we, the public get from "legitimate historians" who have for rather long now (since Prussia, a power steeped in Scepticism, a culture where Voltaire left his mark on Sanssouci) "held" the miraculous and the Bible "at bay". As if they were harmful things. They have in other words "defended" their Historian's craft from "undue" influence from the Bible or from acceptance of miracles.

Part of the background is a philosophy steeped in Kant. To him, as to Hume, empiric historic facts do not support supernatural claims. This is purely a decision a priori, a decision, not an observation. It probably started with wanting to avoid becoming Catholic on hearing of Catholic miracles in the present (Hume was part time in France). Both Hume and Kant were Protestants, the Anglican and the Calvinist or possibly Lutheran.

Those people set the tone for what's "academically correct" and Charles Hurst thinks it's logically correct to follow that prejudice.

I do not. I would not take that tone even for Pagan sources.

History is about sources, texts, written, oral, or even oral and later written down. They are usually narrative. Non-narrative texts and non-textual artefacts give back-ground. They are not the main source of certitude, they provide a filter. But that source of "a filter" should not be confused with the filter from a non-Christian world view. So, he says that after seeing archaeological facts about Jericho, Tim Mahoney and David Rohl "make up facts" (beyond those of archaeology) "to fit the square peg in the round hole" (of the Bible being true). Well, what Charles Hurst calls "make up facts" is what is more usually referred to a making hypotheses. And when it comes to the purpose, to show the Bible being true, that involves treating the Bible as at least a historical source. Which one should anyway. If its statement fit the other sources of information about Jericho, that's more usually referred to as a confirmation. But to a man like Charles Hurst, when confirmations go the direction of confirming the Bible, one would need extreme confirmation bias to accept that confirmation.

You see, everyone has some kind of confirmation bias, including the most anti-Biblical scholar. I simply disagree it is of the more extreme or useless kind when accepting the Bible or Christianity or miracles.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
Abbess St. Fare of Faremoutiers
3.IV.2025

Eboriaci, in territorio Meldensi, sanctae Burgundofarae, etiam Farae nomine appellatae, Abbatissae et Virginis.

What About the Opposite?

Φιλολoγικά/Philologica: Black Magic in Shimao and Ur · More Like the Same? · What About the Opposite? · Assorted retorts from yahoo boards and elsewhere: Gospel against Cannibalism and Accusation thereof. · A Video on St. Patrick, an Observation on the Demons he Drove out

Rue de Bac, La Salette, Lourdes, Fátima, Hrushiv ...

Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal, 48.850974°N 2.323770°E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chapel_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Miraculous_Medal¶ms=48.850974_N_2.323770_E_scale:5000

48.850974°N 92.323770°E
In Mongolia, East of Astana, South of Krasnoyarsk

48.850974°N 87.67623°W
Close to McGarvey Shoal, Ontario Canada

48.850974°N 177.67623°W
Just South of Alaska Panhandle

Sanctuaire de Notre-Dame de La Salette, 44° 51′ 30″ nord, 5° 58′ 43″ est
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lourdes¶ms=44_51_30_N_5_58_43_E

44° 51′ 30″ nord, 95° 58′ 43″ est
Mongolia, near Uyghurs and Chinese

44° 51′ 30″ nord, 84° 1′ 17″ ouest
State Highway 33, Michigan, West of Alpena

44° 51′ 30″ nord, 174° 1′ 17″ ouest
Pacific, South of the end of Alaska Panhandle

Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, 43°05′51″N 0°03′30″W
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sanctuary_of_Our_Lady_of_Lourdes¶ms=43_05_51_N_0_03_30_W_type:landmark

43°05′51″N 89°56′30″E
In Northern Xinjiang, near Mongolia

43°05′51″N 90°03′30″W
Between Chicago and Minneapolis

43°05′51″N 180°03′30″W
On the dateline

Our Lady of Fátima, Cova da Iria, 39°37′54″N 08°40′24″W
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cova_da_Iria¶ms=39_37_54_N_08_40_24_W_type:landmark

39°37′54″N 98°40′24″W
Between Smith Center and Osborne, NNW of Wichita

39°37′54″N 81°19′36″E
Among Uyghurs near Russia, E of Toshkent, SE of Almaty

39°37′54″N 171°19′36″E
SE of Sakhalin, E of Japan, far N of New Zealand

(39°37′54″S 171°19′36″E
W by N of Whanganui, W by S of New Plymouth, offshore in New Zealand)

Hrushiv? On wiki I found more than one place with the name, and none matching the description 85 km N of Lviv ... unless it's the one in Яворівський район / Yavoriv Raion.

What about Šiluva?

Basilica of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Šiluva, 55°31′48.8″N 23°13′28.68″E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Basilica_of_the_Nativity_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary,_%C5%A0iluva¶ms=55_31_48.8_N_23_13_28.68_E_region:LT_type:landmark

55°31′48.8″N 103°13′28.68″E
North of Irkutsk, there is a kind of river, and the pointer is across Karakhun

55°31′48.8″N 76°46′31.32″W
Onshore E of Hudson Bay, between Umiujaq and Whapmagoostui

55°31′48.8″N 166°46′31.32″W
North of Alaska Panhandle, North of Westdahl, South of a larger island I do not see the name of.

A common theme seems to be, the cross-points don't seem to be as closely knit by a common theme, like, less monomaniac. Land and water tends to be more mixed.

Obviously, near Ge Hinnom, 31°46′11″N 35°13′36″E, there is Calvary, 31°46′43″N 35°13′46″E, 32 arcs seconds further North, 10 arc seconds further East. Even closer is the distance between Cave of Pan in Banyas / Caesarea Philippi, and where Jesus promised Peter he would one day be the first Pope./HGL

PS, Bargemon, 1635:

Bargemon, France
43° 37′ 12″ N, 6° 33′ 01″ E

South West Mongolia
Govi-Altai Province, it seems
43° 37′ 12″ N, 96° 33′ 01″ E

Close to Unionville
about as far N of Detroit as Milwaukee is N of Chicago
43° 37′ 12″ N, 83° 26′ 59″ W

Pacific
North of Niue and South of Panhandle
43° 37′ 12″ N, 173° 26′ 59″ W

More Like the Same?

Φιλολoγικά/Philologica: Black Magic in Shimao and Ur · More Like the Same? · What About the Opposite? · Assorted retorts from yahoo boards and elsewhere: Gospel against Cannibalism and Accusation thereof. · A Video on St. Patrick, an Observation on the Demons he Drove out

First, an explanation of how I did the crosses ... the lines of the cross meet in the axis of Earth. The points are on the same parallel (or latitude). I get them by addition and subtraction of 90° to the E~W coordinate (or longitude).

I happen to have answered the question in the comment to previous, but here I go again:

Start with Shimao, 38.5657°N 110.3252°E.

The other points of the cross are also all 38.5657°N, so exact same parallel circle.

However, the next point, offshore near Greece, still in the water, had 110.3252°E - 90° = 20.3252 E.

Then 90-20.3252 E = 69.6748 W, offshore US, East of somewhere S of Philadelphia, ESE of NYC.

Then 69.6748 W + 90 = 159.6748 W.

Exact same method for the other points, starting in each case a place of human sacrifice or cannibalism, and then doing the cross-points, like I just explained.

Now, Herxheim leads to Fontbrégoua and El Toro. Shimao and Ur to Shandi. Carthage to Tyre and Ge Hinnom and to Tenochtitlan. Let's see them.

The other sites like Herxheim, cannibalism of the Neolithic, namely Fontbrégoua and El Toro, continue the frontier's or border's theme, one of them even in the Pacific (near the date line).

Fontbrégoua cave, 43.55°N 6.2333°E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Fontbr%C3%A9goua_Cave¶ms=43.55_N_6.2333_E_type:landmark

In France, near Monaco and Italy

43.55°N 96.2333°E
In Mongolia near the border of China

43.55°N 83.7667°W
In US near the border of Canada

43.55°N 173.7667°W
In the Pacific

Cave of El Toro, 36°37′38″N 4°31′06″W (36.62724 N 4.51832 W)
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cave_of_El_Toro¶ms=36.62724_N_4.51832_W_type:landmark

In Spain, near Morocco

36.62724 N 94.51832 W
In the US, near the fourway junction of states, in Missouri, across Oklahoma not far from Kansas, and also across Arkansas. Near a former frontier between French and Cherokees.

36.62724 N 85.48168 E
In Xinjiang, near the border of Tibet (which is now no longer considered an international border by some).

36.62724 N 175.48168 E
In the Pacific, near the date line (also a kind of border!)

The other sites like Carthage continue the offshore theme of Shimao and of Ur:

Gehenna / Valley of Hinnom, 31°46′11″N 35°13′36″E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gehenna¶ms=31_46_11_N_35_13_36_E_type:landmark

In Israel

31°46′11″N 125°13′36″E
Offshore between China, Korea and Japan

31°46′11″N 54°46′24″W
Offshore between Canada, US, Brazil

31°46′11″N 144°46′24″W
Pacific, between California and Honolulu

Tyre, Lebanon, 33°16′15″N 35°11′46″E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tyre,_Lebanon¶ms=33_16_15_N_35_11_46_E

In Lebanon, near Israel

33°16′15″N 125°11′46″E
Offshore near Korea

33°16′15″N 54°48'14"W
Offshore East of Bermuda

33°16′15″N 144°48'14"W
Pacific, West of California, NE of Honolulu

Tenochtitlan brings us to non-Christian areas.

Tenochtitlan, 19°26′N 99°8′W
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tenochtitlan¶ms=19_26_N_99_8_W_type:city

19°26′N 9°8′W
In Mauritania

19°26′N 80°2'E
Near Aheri in India

19°26′N 170°2'E
Pacific, North of Marshall Islands

3500 BC: Three men were sacrificed during a burial, near the town of Shendi in modern Sudan. Their remains were found alongside two dogs and ceramics.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_sacrifices

Offshore theme of Ur and Shimao.

Shendi or Shandi (Arabic: شندي), 16°41′N 33°26′E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shendi¶ms=16_41_N_33_26_E_region:SD_type:city

Shendi is, as said, in Sudan.

16° 41′N, 123° 26′ E
Offshore in the Philippines

16° 41′N, 56° 34′ W
Offshore near Antigua and Barbuda

16° 41′N, 146° 34′ W
East of Honolulu

Finally, or nearly, the Grauballe Man brings is to colder areas. Not near the Gulf Stream. Perhaps this is unavoidable, but what wasn't, maybe, is, both areas not in the Pacific and perhaps even that one feature first nations of some type.

Grauballe Man, 56°12′35″N 9°37′49″E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grauballe_Man¶ms=56_12_35_N_9_37_49_E

56°12′35″N 99°37′49″E
Near Chunsky

56°12′35″N 80°22′11″W
In Hudson Bay offshore, near an island

56°12′35″N 170°22′11″W
Near St. George, "inside" the Alaska Panhandle, South of Siberia's East tip

What about Nimrod's Neolithic? Offshore theme revisited.

Boncuklu Höyük, 37°45′6.588″N 32°51′53.208″E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Boncuklu_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk¶ms=37_45_6.588_N_32_51_53.208_E_type:landmark

In Turkey, West of Mesopotamia / Shinar

37°45′6.588″N 122°51′53.208″E
Offshore in the bay between Korea and China

37°45′6.588″N 57°8′6.792″W
Offshore, East of Philadelphia, NE of Bermudas

37°45′6.588″N 147°8′6.792″W
N by E of Honolulu, SE of Alaska Panhandle

As in the previous, I focus into big pictures to verify the actual neighbourhoods of the cross points. But here I'm for the moment at least not showing this, as you have already seen the procedure and as this post has more items./HGL

Black Magic in Shimao and Ur

Φιλολoγικά/Philologica: Black Magic in Shimao and Ur · More Like the Same? · What About the Opposite? · Assorted retorts from yahoo boards and elsewhere: Gospel against Cannibalism and Accusation thereof. · A Video on St. Patrick, an Observation on the Demons he Drove out

Yes, I count human sacrifice as indicating always Black Magic.

And there seems to be a common theme of the places in these two. For both, if you take a cross around the same parallel circle, the other three points will land in water.

If we go back to Herxheim or forward to Carthage, this is not the case. Insted you have three points on land, and only one in the Pacific.

However, for Herxheim, it's near a border Germany near France, and the other three, one in the Pacific, but the other two, one is in Mongolia near Russia, one is in Canada tolerably near the US.

Carthage was near a battle and Greenboro was near battles, Lexington, Atlanta. Again there is in China a point that, though not in the sea, is in an inland lake. I'm not sure if it was near a battle or not, but probably it was.

Demons had access to knowledge the men they deluded couldn't know naturally (and were probably not aware of). This is also true for knowledge revealed by God about battles./HGL

Shimao itself, 38.5657°N 110.3252°E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shimao¶ms=38.5657_N_110.3252_E_type:landmark

38.5657 N, 20.3252 E

38.5657 N, 69.6748 W

38.5657 N, 159.6748 W

Ur itself, 30°57′42″N 46°06′18″E (30.9616529 N 46.1051259 E)
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ur¶ms=30.9616529_N_46.1051259_E_type:landmark

30.9616529 N 136.1051259 E

30.9616529 N 43.8948741 W

30.9616529 N 133.8948741 W

Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz, 49°08′49″N 8°13′12″E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Herxheim_bei_Landau/Pfalz¶ms=49_08_49_N_8_13_12_E

49°08′49″N 98°13′12″E

49°08′49″N 81°46'48" W

49°08′49″N 171°46'48" W

Carthage, 36.8528°N 10.3233°E
https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Carthage¶ms=36.8528_N_10.3233_E_type:landmark

36.8528°N 100.3233°E

36.8528°N 79.6767°W

36.8528°N 79.6767°W

PS, yes, the Carthage theme is complete in China too: Battle of Dafei River involves: "The Tang general, Xue Rengui, commanded an army of 50,000 men against around 400,000 men of the Tibetan Empire. He left his slower-moving baggage train and 20,000 soldiers under Guo Daifeng behind and advanced with the rest to the Qinghai Lake." QED. (The Qinghai Lake is also known as Koko Nor)./HGL

First Intermediate Period, During the Soujourn

The First Intermediate Period, described as a 'dark period' in ancient Egyptian history,[1] spanned approximately 125 years, c. 2181–2055 BC, after the end of the Old Kingdom.[2] It comprises the Seventh (although this is mostly considered spurious by Egyptologists), Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and part of the Eleventh Dynasties. The concept of a "First Intermediate Period" was coined in 1926 by Egyptologists Georg Steindorff and Henri Frankfort.[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt

What was it like? An archaeology channel made a whole video on the topic, not limited to, but including, Egypt.

The First Bronze Age Collapse and the Intermediate Bronze Age
Dig. | 4 Nov. 2024
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQ7cMwKwCYA

When was it really?*

"2181" was just after 1633:

1633 av. J.-Chr.

93,3283 pcm, donc daté à 2203 av. J.-Chr.

"2055" was some time before 1610:

1610 av. J.-Chr.

95,2011 pcm, donc daté à 2020 av. J.-Chr.

If instead of 125 years, it was less than 23 years, that kind of explains why there is so little monumental, let alone other evidence from the period.

If (as the video suggests), Egypt was in some kind of Civil War, this means that the unification was ultimately bad for the Israelites, this verse could describe the victory of a faction which had not favoured them over one which had, or a reaction when a victorious faction which had done so tries to mollify the opposition.

In the mean time there arose a new king over Egypt, that knew not Joseph
[Exodus 1:8]

For comparison, I use a Biblical chronology in which Moses is born in 1590 BC. So, twenty years after the end of the First Intermediate Period./HGL

* See: Mes plus récentes tables de carbone 14

Il y avait un temps, un péplum était Ben Hur ou Spartacus

Christianisme ou Socialisme ou, à la limite, un sens de justice social qui préfigure à la fois Christianisme et Socialisme.

Aujourd'hui, un péplum sortira dans le mois suivant, c'est Gladiator II.

Que disait St. Augustin de la volonté de regarder les gladiateurs ?

Est-il marqué quelque part en Cité de Dieu ?

Et "tu as un rage en toi qui te rendra grand" n'est pas forcément un message très correct ou très moral./HGL

What did I say about Troy, Again?

What Did Thor Heyderdahl Say, Again? · What did I say about Troy, Again?

Did Hittites participate in the Trojan War? (Homeric Keteioi)
Wanax TV | 7 Oct. 2024
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAW7HcZsK6g

1:53 The Hittite contingent at the Trojan war, it may really have been very insignificant.

You see, Troy fell 1179 or sth. Perhaps 1184 BC.

Hattusa had already fallen in "around 1200 BC" ... so possibly a decade or two earlier.

11:09 Walter Leaf considered that Mycenaean Greece as well as Troy was a kind of "satrapy" under the Hittites.

There is one more Greek word that could come from Hittites, namely ethos. Hethos would have become ethos by dissimilation of aspirates.

One early use of the word was "taxes" and if Hittites were suzerain, taxes could be "the Hittite thing" ... Linear B is called Semata Lugra in the Iliad, apart from the context of Bellerophon, that could have been a general sentiment about it, since it was often used in tax records.

I'd say deliberate damnatio memoriae.

Do you enjoy the format "video link + own comments under video copied to blog post"? You can get more of it at

Assorted retorts from yahoo boards and elsewhere
https://assortedretorts.blogspot.com/

Matthew 6:7, Greek Text, Word Meanings

Bible-Hub, Greek Interlinear, Matthew 6:7
https://biblehub.com/interlinear/matthew/6-7.htm

Proseuchomenoi	Προσευχόμενοι	Praying
de	δὲ	now
mē	μὴ	not
945 [e]
battalogēsēte	βατταλογήσητε,	do use vain repetitions
hōsper	ὥσπερ	like
hoi	οἱ	the
ethnikoi	ἐθνικοί,	pagans [gentiles]
dokousin	δοκοῦσιν	they think
gar	γὰρ	for
hoti	ὅτι	that
en	ἐν	in
tē	τῇ	the
4180 [e]
polylogia	πολυλογίᾳ	many words
autōn	αὐτῶν	of them
eisakousthēsontai	εἰσακουσθήσονται.	they will be heard

The key disputed terms between Protestants and Catholics are βατταλογήσητε and πολυλογίᾳ. The Strong lexicon will be consulted, but with caution, as Strong was a Protestant.

So, first Strong:

945. battalogeó

Strong's Concordance
battalogeó: to stammer
Original Word: βαττολογέω
Part of Speech: Verb
Transliteration: battalogeó
Phonetic Spelling: (bat-tol-og-eh'-o)
Definition: to stammer
Usage: I chatter, am long-winded, utter empty words, stammer, repeat.

HELPS Word-studies
945 battologéō – properly, to blubber nonsensical repetitions; to chatter (be "long-winded"), using empty (vain) words (Souter).

Note, both Strong and HELPS include (though not exclusively) the idea of repetitions. And for KJV, NAS, INT translations, if they were good ones, they would have a point.

The word is a composite. Battein would mean simply stammer or stutter. Logein occurs as such in composites, simplex would be legein, and that means speak. So, the composite would at a first approximation mean "stutter-speak" ...

Someone might interpret that as "repeat" but "repeat" is not the meaning of either word, not the obvious meaning of the composite word either. Now, how many ways are there to determine a word meaning? I mean in an old language.

• Etymology. I already covered this.
• Study the different uses. In the Bible, there is exactly one use, this verse, and it is disputed.
• Study old translations of the texts, from the time when the language was a living one. The Vulgate has "multum loqui" ... taken over from next term. The Coptoc and Syriac have "stutter" or "stammer" ... absolutely not one single old translation has "repeat" or "use repetitions"

Worse. There is actually a word for using repetitions. Actually more than one, but we'll stick with the idea of repeating words or phrases. Thrallein. If you were trying to rehearse a poem, you would obviously repeat lines over and over again, and that's thrallein. If Jesus had meant "repeat" as in repeating the Jesus prayer or the Hail Mary, Matthew who was His disciple for 3 and a half years would have known it, and his Gospel would have used the word "thrallein" ...

Or, what about study the one use, and see if there is any clue in the context?

What about this? hōsper hoi ethnikoi ... like the Pagans. Muslims and Hindoos are Pagans, and both of them have repetitive prayers. N o t so fast, please! Muslims didn't exist at the time. Hindoos existed but way further away than Greeks and Romans. Gentiles would typically refer to non-Israelite nations in the immediate situation of Israelites, not in the far off countries one nearly never thought of. Believe me, 1st C. Israel was not the British Commonwealth, and Hindoos were not first on their minds. One could even pinpoint one Pagan and Gentile nation that was very much more likely to be first on their mind. Romans.

So, how did Romans pray? We need not guess. They wrote pretty much. After all, it's from them that we get our alphabet. Velleius Paterculus wrote two books on the history of Rome. In book II, chapter 131, he closes the book with a prayer:

Voto finiendum volumen est. Iuppiter Capitoline, et auctor ac stator Romani nominis Gradive Mars, perpetuorumque custos Vesta ignium et quidquid numinum hanc Romani imperii molem in amplissimum terrarum orbis fastigium extulit, vos publica voce obtestor atque precor: custodite, servate, protegite hunc statum, hanc pacem, hunc principem, eique functo longissima statione mortali destinate successores quam serissimos, sed eos, quorum cervices tam fortiter sustinendo terrarum orbis imperio sufficiant, quam huius suffecisse sensimus, consiliaque omnium civium aut pia fovete aut impia opprimite.

Let me end my volume with a prayer. O Jupiter Capitolinus, and Mars Gradivus, author and stay of the Roman name, Vesta, guardian of the eternal fire, and all other divinities who have exalted this great empire of Rome to the highest point yet reached on earth! On you I call, and to you I pray in the name of this people: guard, preserve, protect the present state of things, the peace which we enjoy, the present emperor, and when he has filled his post of duty — and may it be the longest granted to mortals — grant him successors until the latest time, but successors whose shoulders may be as capable of sustaining bravely the empire of the world as we have found his to be: foster the pious plans of all good citizens and crush the impious designs of the wicked.

No. He was not repeating short phrases. We do not see "three times" (in Latin "ter" would be brief enough to mark a phrase). Nor do we find other indications that he or other Romans would have done the equivalent of "99 names of Allah" or Hindoo mantras, but in his own religion. So, is there anything stuttering about it? Yes. Vellius is obviously nervous to leave no stone unturned among the gods, to not imit the right and relevant deity. Jesus did not use "stutter" about repetitions of words, he used it as a metaphor for nervosity.

Next word?

4180. polulogia

Strong's Concordance
polulogia: much speaking
Original Word: πολυλογία, ας, ἡ
Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine
Transliteration: polulogia
Phonetic Spelling: (pol-oo-log-ee'-ah)
Definition: much speaking
Usage: much-speaking, loquacity.

HELPS Word-studies
4180 polylogía (from 4183 /polýs, "much in quantity" and 3056 /lógos, "'word, speech") – properly, voluminous words; a great quantity of words (used only in Mt 6:7).

They got this one right. And most Protestant translations usually don't get this wrong. KJV, NAS and INT all have "many words" or "much speaking" ... I would not have marked it if it weren't one translation that stood out badly.

“When you pray, don’t babble on and on as the Gentiles do. They think their prayers are answered merely by repeating their words again and again.

This is New Living Translation. For battologein, they did the right thing and translated "babble" ... not exact, but at least doesn't try to demonise repetitive prayer. But Protestants as they are, they couldn't leave that aspect out, so they paraphrased "they are heard for many words" with "their prayers are answered" (so far, so good) "by repeating their words agains and again" ... well, here not a single part of this phrase has anything to do with the actual Greek Text. These Protestants do not depend on the text, they follow a tradition that's not apostolic (since it began in the 1500's) but is only human.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
Sts Cosmas and Damian
27.IX.2024

Aegeae natalis sanctorum Martyrum Cosmae et Damiani fratrum, qui, in persecutione Diocletiani, post multa tormenta, vincula et carceres, post mare et ignes, cruces, lapidationem et sagittas divinitus superatas, capite plectuntur; cum quibus etiam referuntur passi tres eorum fratres germani, id est Anthimus, Leontius et Euprepius.

PS, were there any Greeks who used Buddhist mantras? Ever? Sure:

The Ancient Greeks Who Converted to Buddhism
ReligionForBreakfast | 10 May 2024
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aA0wB3d7MgE

It's just that Menander I (most probable candidate for the Menander in the video) was living far off in Sagala, Northern India, Indo-Greek kingdoms ceased to exist in 10 AD, 20 years before the Sermon of the Mount, when one convert was in the Hellenistic world, Pyrrho, the descriptions are so vague by those more involved with the Greco-Roman world that it's somewhat uncertain if he was Buddhist, Hindoo or something else, though Buddhism is likeliest, and even then we cannot determine if he also used mantras or just tried to live according to dharma without such. Pyrrho died in 270 BC, but his philosophy still existed in early Christian times. However, Cicero does not seem to have practised Buddhist mantras, and even if he did, that's not what he would have referred to as praying. What's perhaps even more important, the Romans would have identified their national religion as worshipping the gods on the Capitalium, and there were FOUR different religions apart from actual Bacchus worship which they identified as Bacchus worship: Judaism and Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism. Probably the mental state induced by reciting mantras was perceived as "drunkenness" ... confer:

And be not drunk with wine, wherein is luxury; but be ye filled with the holy Spirit
[Ephesians 5:18]